Friday 24 February 2017

TITA PJ

1 A This is an unprecedented level of acceptance for any technology company anywhere in the world!
B You have joined us from across our great nation…all 29 states and 7 union territories of India
C Only because of the affection and enthusiasm shown by you… our first 100 million customers
D We are grateful for… and truly humbled by… the enormous belief and unwavering trust that you have placed in us. Jio has risen to these lofty heights


2 A He claimed that many voters have also not received their voting slip, which has prevented them from exercising their franchise.
B "People want to vote but not able to due to these glitches. The confusion will have an impact on the results," Mr Shelar said.
C After engaging in bitter war of words with Shiv Sena during civic poll campaigning, Mumbai BJP unit president Ashish Shelar today said glitches like delay in release of voters' list might have an impact on the poll results.
D "The release of list of voters got delayed and there was also a change in polling booths. All this may have an impact on elections," BJP Mumbai unit president Ashish Shelar told reporters after casting his vote in suburban Bandra.


3 A Pakistan has cancelled terrorist Hafiz Saeed's license to carry weapons, a Pakistani official said today.
B "The Punjab Home Department cancelled licenses of 44 weapons for security reasons," the official told PTI today.
C The Pakistan government on January 30 had put Saeed and four other members of his organisations under house arrest in Lahore for a period of 90 days.
D Citing security reasons, the home department of Pakistan's Punjab said that the step to revoke the licenses of 44 weapons issued to Saeed and others members of his organisations, Jamaat-ud-Dawa (JuD) and Falaha-e-Insanyat (FIF), been taken in line with the government's actions against the terrorist.


4 A They even met the principal, Rajendra Prasad, and objected to Khalid's participation.
B Delhi University's Ramjas College on Tuesday called off a seminar being held on campus after members from the students' union and Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad (ABVP) protested the participation of Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU) students Umar Khalid and Shehla Rashid.
C Khalid, who was arrested last year on sedition charges, was scheduled to speak in the afternoon at a two-day event titled 'Cultures of Protest' that was organised by the Literary Society and English department of Ramjas College.
D The JNU student was invited to speak about his PhD work, at a session titled 'The War in Adivasi Areas'.
E Before he could reach though, members of the Delhi University Students' Union (DUSU) and ABVP reached the campus and began protesting, disrupting the proceedings.


5 A The price tags associated with English cricketers Ben Stokes and Tymal Mills might hog the headlines, but overall, the Indian Premier League (IPL) player auction on Monday was a rather conservative affair
B And 65% of the players were bought at their reserve prices.
C Several players with a high reserve price found no bidders at all.
D The eight teams together spent less than two-thirds of their total available budget of Rs148 crore, with five of the eight teams buying fewer players than they required.


6 A The hunger strike decision was taken by DMK working Stalin after consulting with party MLAs on February 19, a day after the jailed AIADMK chief VK Sasikala's proxy Edapaddi Palaniswami won the trust vote in the Tamil Nadu assembly.
B  DMK Working President MK Stalin along with party leaders on Wednesday began their day-long hunger strike protest in Tiruchi against the forcible eviction of party MLAs from Tamil Nadu assembly during the trust vote on February 18.
C Days before, DMK had appealed Tamil Nadu Governor Ch Vidyasagar Rao to 'nullify' the vote of confidence won by Edappadi K. Palaniswami.
D A massive security arrangement has been put in place across Tamil Nadu to prevent any untoward incidents during the protest.



7 A The results of those few short hours would determine who would go to grammar school, to be prepared for university and the professions; who was destined for technical school and thence skilled work
B At the age of 11, tens of thousands of us all around the country were ushered into desk-lined halls to take an IQ test known as the 11-Plus.
C It was aspired to, debated and – most important of all – measured.
D  I was growing up in England in the latter half of the 20th century, the concept of intelligence loomed large.


8 A There would follow a provisional closed-door run-through to decide if the completed ballet could be presented to the public, after which it would either be scrapped or sent back to the creative workshop for repairs
B The daunting auditions of Soviet legend—teachers scrutinizing preadolescents for the slightest physical imperfection—found an ideological parallel in the required inspections by censorship boards at the Bolshoi and the Mariinsky–Kirov theaters.
C In Russia, during the Soviet era, government control made the challenge of getting a ballet onto the stage no less onerous than being admitted into the ballet schools of Moscow or Leningrad.
D First, the subject of a prospective ballet was adjudicated in terms of its fulfillment of the demands for people-mindedness; the music and the dance would be likewise assessed.



9 A Alice was beginning to get very tired of sitting by her sister on the bank, and of having nothing to do
B But it had no pictures or conversations in it
C And what is the use of a book,' thought Alice `without pictures or conversation?'
D Once or twice she had peeped into the book her sister was reading


10 A If present immigration trends continue, that could mean the United States would push hundreds of thousands of Guatemalans, Hondurans, Salvadorans, Brazilians, Ecuadorans, even Haitians into Mexico.
B Buried deep in the Trump administration's plans to round up undocumented immigrants is a provision certain to enrage Mexico — new authority for federal agents to deport anyone caught crossing the southern border to Mexico, regardless of where they are from.
C Currently, such people are detained in the U.S. and allowed to request asylum.
D President Trump wants them to do so from Mexico, communicating via video conference calls with U.S. immigration officials from facilities that Mexico would presumably be forced to build.


11 A The entry late last year of Reliance Industries' wireless carrier Jio into India's crowded telecoms sector with its free voice and deeply discounted data plans has pushed rivals to slash costs, sharply eroding their profits.
B Bharti Airtel said on Thursday it will buy Telenor (India) Communications Pvt Ltd, as part of which it will acquire the Norwegian company's operations in six Indian states.
C Bharti Airtel, India's largest telecoms network operator, is buying Norwegian Telenor's India unit, in yet another consolidation move in the country's telecoms sector driven by upstart rival Jio's disruptive pricing
D It did not disclose financial terms of the deal.


12 A  The complexity of their workings, their miraculous processes of growth?
B  Our first lecture by a psychiatrist, who spoke of the feelings and thoughts of whole people, gave me an extraordinary sense of homecoming
C Years ago, I fell in love with the body, and especially with the brain
D Yet after months in medical school absorbed by anatomy, biochemistry, pathology I began to feel that something, or possibly someone, was missing
E Once acquainted with them, who could fail to marvel at the elegance of their parts


13 A The planets circle tightly around a dim dwarf star called Trappist-1, barely the size of Jupiter.
B For the first time, astronomers have discovered seven Earth-size planets orbiting a single nearby star — and these new worlds could hold life
C The others are right on the doorstep.
D This cluster of planets is less than 40 light-years away in the constellation Aquarius, according to NASA and the Belgian-led research team who announced the discovery Wednesday.
E Three are in the so-called habitable zone, the area around a star where water and, possibly life, might exist.


14 A The state government, determined to complete the 302-kilometer road quickly, paid Singh way over the market price -- 10 million rupees ($150,000) -- for about an acre of land and an old house.
B  And that's an ominous sign for India's prime minister.
C The road cuts through the yellow mustard fields of northern India, extending from Agra, home of the Taj Mahal, to Lucknow, the capital of Uttar Pradesh
D A smooth, six-lane expressway has made Kailash Singh a rich man.
E On the way, it passes straight through Singh's farm.


15 A No, Akshay's character is in no way related to or similar to SRK's iconic Kabir Khan.
B Hockey coach seems to be a favourite with B-Town stars when it comes to choosing a character.
C After Shah Rukh Khan nailed it in Chak De! India, it is Akshay Kumar, who will now be playing a hockey coach in a film.
D Rather, Akki will be essaying Balbir Singh, who was the coach of the three-time Olympic medal-winning Indian hockey team.

Tuesday 21 February 2017

TITA PJ 1

1

A
This is an unprecedented level of acceptance for any technology company anywhere in the world! 
B You have joined us from across our great nation…all 29 states and 7 union territories of India
C Only because of the affection and enthusiasm shown by you… our first 100 million customers
D We are grateful for… and truly humbled by… the enormous belief and unwavering trust that you have placed in us. Jio has risen to these lofty heights
2
A He claimed that many voters have also not received their voting slip, which has prevented them from exercising their franchise.
B "People want to vote but not able to due to these glitches. The confusion will have an impact on the results," Mr Shelar said.
C After engaging in bitter war of words with Shiv Sena during civic poll campaigning, Mumbai BJP unit president Ashish Shelar today said glitches like delay in release of voters' list might have an impact on the poll results.
D "The release of list of voters got delayed and there was also a change in polling booths. All this may have an impact on elections," BJP Mumbai unit president Ashish Shelar told reporters after casting his vote in suburban Bandra.
3
A Pakistan has cancelled terrorist Hafiz Saeed's license to carry weapons, a Pakistani official said today.
B "The Punjab Home Department cancelled licenses of 44 weapons for security reasons," the official told PTI today.
C The Pakistan government on January 30 had put Saeed and four other members of his organisations under house arrest in Lahore for a period of 90 days.
D Citing security reasons, the home department of Pakistan's Punjab said that the step to revoke the licenses of 44 weapons issued to Saeed and others members of his organisations, Jamaat-ud-Dawa (JuD) and Falaha-e-Insanyat (FIF), been taken in line with the government's actions against the terrorist.

4
A They even met the principal, Rajendra Prasad, and objected to Khalid's participation.
B Delhi University's Ramjas College on Tuesday called off a seminar being held on campus after members from the students' union and Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad (ABVP) protested the participation of Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU) students Umar Khalid and Shehla Rashid.
C Khalid, who was arrested last year on sedition charges, was scheduled to speak in the afternoon at a two-day event titled 'Cultures of Protest' that was organised by the Literary Society and English department of Ramjas College.
D The JNU student was invited to speak about his PhD work, at a session titled 'The War in Adivasi Areas'.
E Before he could reach though, members of the Delhi University Students' Union (DUSU) and ABVP reached the campus and began protesting, disrupting the proceedings.

5

A The price tags associated with English cricketers Ben Stokes and Tymal Mills might hog the headlines, but overall, the Indian Premier League (IPL) player auction on Monday was a rather conservative affair
B And 65% of the players were bought at their reserve prices.
C Several players with a high reserve price found no bidders at all.
D The eight teams together spent less than two-thirds of their total available budget of Rs148 crore, with five of the eight teams buying fewer players than they required.

TITA PJ 1

A This is an unprecedented level of acceptance for any technology company anywhere in the world! 
B You have joined us from across our great nation…all 29 states and 7 union territories of India
C Only because of the affection and enthusiasm shown by you… our first 100 million customers
D We are grateful for… and truly humbled by… the enormous belief and unwavering trust that you have placed in us. Jio has risen to these lofty heights
A He claimed that many voters have also not received their voting slip, which has prevented them from exercising their franchise.
B "People want to vote but not able to due to these glitches. The confusion will have an impact on the results," Mr Shelar said.
C After engaging in bitter war of words with Shiv Sena during civic poll campaigning, Mumbai BJP unit president Ashish Shelar today said glitches like delay in release of voters' list might have an impact on the poll results.
D "The release of list of voters got delayed and there was also a change in polling booths. All this may have an impact on elections," BJP Mumbai unit president Ashish Shelar told reporters after casting his vote in suburban Bandra.
A Pakistan has cancelled terrorist Hafiz Saeed's license to carry weapons, a Pakistani official said today.
B "The Punjab Home Department cancelled licenses of 44 weapons for security reasons," the official told PTI today.
C The Pakistan government on January 30 had put Saeed and four other members of his organisations under house arrest in Lahore for a period of 90 days.
D Citing security reasons, the home department of Pakistan's Punjab said that the step to revoke the licenses of 44 weapons issued to Saeed and others members of his organisations, Jamaat-ud-Dawa (JuD) and Falaha-e-Insanyat (FIF), been taken in line with the government's actions against the terrorist.
A They even met the principal, Rajendra Prasad, and objected to Khalid's participation.
B Delhi University's Ramjas College on Tuesday called off a seminar being held on campus after members from the students' union and Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad (ABVP) protested the participation of Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU) students Umar Khalid and Shehla Rashid.
C Khalid, who was arrested last year on sedition charges, was scheduled to speak in the afternoon at a two-day event titled 'Cultures of Protest' that was organised by the Literary Society and English department of Ramjas College.
D The JNU student was invited to speak about his PhD work, at a session titled 'The War in Adivasi Areas'.
E Before he could reach though, members of the Delhi University Students' Union (DUSU) and ABVP reached the campus and began protesting, disrupting the proceedings.
A The price tags associated with English cricketers Ben Stokes and Tymal Mills might hog the headlines, but overall, the Indian Premier League (IPL) player auction on Monday was a rather conservative affair
B And 65% of the players were bought at their reserve prices.
C Several players with a high reserve price found no bidders at all.
D The eight teams together spent less than two-thirds of their total available budget of Rs148 crore, with five of the eight teams buying fewer players than they required.

Saturday 18 February 2017

Parajumbles 1

Directions (Qs. 1-6): A number of sentences are given below which, when properly sequenced, form a coherent paragraph. Choose the most logical order of sentences from among the four given choices to construct a coherent paragraph.

 

1. (A) Realists believe that there is an objective reality "out there" independent of ourselves.

(B) This reality exists solely by virtue of how the world is and it is in principle discoverable by application of the methods of science.

(C) They believe in the possibility of determining whether or not a theory is indeed really true or false.

(D) I think it is fair to say that this is the position to which most working scientists subscribe.

(a) ABCD       (b) CDBA       (c) DCBA       (d) BCAD


 

 

 

2. (A) There is a strong manufacturing base for a variety of products.

(B) India has come a long way on the technology front.

(C) But the technology adopted has been largely of foreign origin.

(D) There are, however, areas such as atomic energy, space, agriculture, and defence where significant strides have been made in evolving relevant technologies within the country.

(a) ADCB       (b) DBAC       (c) BACD       (d) CBAD

 


 

 

3. (A) In emission trading, the government fixes the total amount of pollution that is acceptable to maintain a desired level of air quality.

(B) Economists argue this approach makes air pollution control more cost-effective than the current practice of fixing air pollution standards and expecting all companies to pollute below these standards.

(C) USA uses emission trading to control air pollution.

(D) It then distributes emission permits to all companies in the region, which add up to the overall acceptable level of emission.

(a) BADC       (b) ACDB       (c) CBAD       (d) DBAC

 

 

4. (A) The individual companies vary in size, from the corner grocery to the industrial giant.

(B) Policies and management methods within firms range from formal, well-planned organization and controls to slipshod day-to-day operations.

(C) Various industries offer a wide array of products or services through millions of firms largely independent of each other.

(D) Variation in the form of ownership contributes to diversity in capital investment, volume of business and financial structure.

(a) DBCA       (b) CADB       (c) BADC       (d) ADCB

 


 

 

5. (A) All levels of demand, whether individual, aggregate, local, national or international are subject to change.

(B) At the same time science and technology add new dimensions to products, their uses, and the methods used to market them.

(C) Aggregate demand fluctuates with changes in the level of business activity, GNP and national income.

(D) The demand of individuals tends to vary with changing needs and rising income.

(a) CBDA       (b) DCAB       (c) BCAD       (d) ADCB

 


 

 

6. (A) Secret persons shall strike with weapons, fire or poison.

(B) Clans mutually supporting each other shall be made to strike at the weak points.

(C) He shall destroy their caravans, herds, forests and troop reinforcements.

(D) The conqueror shall cause enemy kingdoms to be destroyed by neighbouring kings, jungle tribes, pretenders or unjustly treated princes.

(a) DCBA       (b) ABCD       (c) BDCA       (d) ADCB

 


 

 

 

Directions (Qs. 7-19): Arrange the sentences A, B, C, D to form a logical sequence between sentences 1 and 6:

7. 1.What does the state do in a country where tax morality is very low?

(A) It tries to spy upon the tax payers.

(B) It investigates income sources and spending patterns.

(C) Exactly what the tax authority tries to do now even if inconsistently.

(D) It could also encourage people to denounce to the tax authorities any conspicuously prosperous neighbours why may be suspected of net paying their taxes properly.

6. The ultimate solution would be an Orwellian System.

(a) BACD       (b) DBAC       (c) ABCD       (d) DCBA

 


 

 

 

8. 1. The fragile Yugoslav state has uncertain future.

(A) Thus there will surely be chaos and uncertainty if people fail to settle their differences.

(B) Sharp ideological differences already exist in the country.

(C) Ethnic, regional, linguistic and material disparities are profound.

(D) The country will also loose the excellent reputation it enjoyed in international arena.

6. at worst, it will once more become vulnerable to international conspiracy and intrigue.

(a) BCAD       (b) ADCB       (c) ACBD       (d) DBCA


 

 

 

9. 1. India's experience of industrialization is characteristics of the difficulties faced by a newly-independent developing country.

(A) In 1947 India was undoubtedly as underdeveloped country with one of the lowest per capita incomes in the world.

(B) Indian industrialization was the result of a conscious deliberate policy of growth by indigenous political elite.

(C) Today India ranks fifth in the international community of nations if measured in terms of purchasing power.

(D) Even today, however, the benefits of Indian industrialization since independence have not reached the masses.

6.  In India, there have been limited successes; one more example of growth without development.

(a) CDAB       (b) DCBA       (c) CABD       (d) BACD

 


 

 

10. 1. The New Economic Policy comprises of the various policy measures and changes introduced since July 1991.

(A) There is a common thread running through all these measures.

(B) The objective is simple- to improve the efficiency of the system.

(C) The regulator mechanism involving multitude of controls has fragmented the capacity and reduced competition even in the private sector.

(D) The thrust of new policy is towards creating a more competitive environment as a means to improving the productivity and efficiency of the economy.

6. This is to be achieved by removing the barriers and restriction on the entry and growth of firms.

(a) DCAB       (b) ABCD       (c) BDAC       (d) CDBA




************************************************







 

 

 

 

 

11. 1. It is significant that one of the most common objections to competition is that it is bad.

(A) This is important because in a system of free enterprise based on private property chances are not equal and there is indeed a strong case for reducing that inequality of opportunity.

(B) Rather it is a choice between a system where it is the will of a few persons that decides who is to get what and one where it depends at least partly on the ability and the enterprise of the people.
(C) Although competition and justice may have little else in common, it is as much a commendation of competition of justice that it is no respecter of justice.

(D) The choice today is not between a system in which everybody will get what he deserves according to some universal standard and one where individual shares are determined by chance or goodwill.

6. The fact that opportunities open to the poor in a competitive society are much more restricted than those open to the rich, does not make it less true that in such a society the poor are more free than a person commanding much greater material comfort in a different type of society.

(a) CDBA       (b) DCBA       (c) ABCD       (d) BADC

 



A

 

 

12. 1. The necessity for regional integration in South Asia is underlined by the very history of the last 45 years since the liquidation of the British Empire in this part of the world.

(A) After the partition of the Indian sub continent, Pakistan was formed in that very area which the imperial powers had always marked out as the potential base for operations against the Russian power in Central Asia.

(B) Because of the disunity and ill-will among the South Asian neighbours, particular India and Pakistan, the great powers from outside the area could meddle into their affairs and thereby keep neighbours apart.

(C) It needs to be added that it was the bountiful supply of sophisticated arms that emboldened Pakistan to go for war like bellicosity towards India.

(D) As a part of the cold war strategy of the U.S., Pakistan was sucked into Washington's military alliance spreading the over the years.

6. Internally too, it was the massive induction of American arms into Pakistan which empowered the military junta of the country to stuff out the civilian government and destroy democracy in Pakistan.

(a) ACBD       (b) ABDC       (c) CBAD       (d) DCAB






B

 

 

 

13. 1. Commercial energy consumption shows an increasing trend and poses a major challenge for the future.

(A) The demand for petroleum during 1996-97 and 2006-07 is anticipated to be 81 million tones and 125 million tones respectively.

(B) According to the projection of 14th Power Survey Committee Report, the electricity generation requirements from utilities will be about 415 billion units by 1996-97 and 824 billion units by 2006-07.

(C) The production of coal should reach 303 million tones by 1996-97 to achieve Plan targets and 460 million tones by 2006-07.

(D) The demand for petroleum products has already outstripped indigenous production.

6. Electricity is going to play a major role in the development of infrastructure facilities.

(a) DACB       (b) CADB       (c) BADC       (d) ABCD







A

 

 

 

14. 1. The success of any unit in a competitive environment depends on prudent management of resources.

(A) In this context it would have been more appropriate if the concept of accelerated depreciation together with additional incentives towards capital allowances for recouping a portion of the cost of replacements out of the current generations had been accepted.

(B) Added to this are the negligible retention of profits because of inadequate capital allowances are artificial disallowances of genuine outflows.

(C) One significant cause for poor generation of surpluses is the high cost of capital and its servicing cost.

(D) The lack of a mechanism in India tax laws for quick recovery of capital costs has not received its due attention.

6. While this may apparently look costly from the point of view of the exchequer, the ultimate cost to the government and the community in the losses suffered through poor viability will be prohibitive.

(a) ADBC       (b) BCDA       (c) CBDA       (d) DBAC







C

 

 

 

15. 1. Count Rumford is perhaps best known for his observations on the nature of heat.

(A) He undertook several experiments in order to test the theories of the origin of frictional heat.

(B) According to the calorists, the heat was produced by the "caloric" squeezed out of the chips in the process of separating them from the larger pieces of metal.

(C) Lavoisier had introduced the term "caloric" for the weightless substance heat, and has included it among the chemical elements along with carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen.

(D) In the ammunitions factory in Munich, Rumford noticed that a considerable degree of heat developed in a brass gun while it was being bored.

6. Rumford could not believe that the amount of heat generated could have come from the small amount of dust created.

(a) ABCD       (b) CBDA       (c) ACDB       (d) CDAB

 





C

 

 

 

16. 1. The death of cinema has been predicted annually.

(A) It hasn't happened.

(B) It was said that the television would kill it off-and indeed audiences plummeted, reaching a low in 1984.

(C) Film has enjoyed a renaissance, and audiences are now roughly double of what they were a decade ago.

(D) Then the home computer became the projected nemesis followed by satellite television.

(a) CADB       (b) BDAC       (c) ABDC       (d) DABC






C

 

 

 

17. 1. The idea of sea-floor spreading preceded the theory of plate tectonics.

(A) The hypothesis was soon substantiated by the discovery that periodic reversals of the earth's magnetic field are recorded in the oceanic crust.

(B) In its original version, it described the creation and destruction of the ocean floor, but it did not specify rigid lithospheric plates.

(C) An explanation of this process devised by F. J. Vine and D. H. Matthews of Princeton is now generally accepted.

(D) The sea-floor spreading hypothesis was formulated chiefly by Harry H. Hess of Princeton University in the early 1960s.

6. As magma rises under the mid-ocean ridge, ferromagnetic minerals in the magma become magnetized in the direction of the geomagnetic field.

(a) DCBA       (b) ABDC       (c) CBDA       (d) DBAC

 





A

 

 

 

18. 1. Visual recognition involves string and retrieving of memories.

(A) Psychologists of the Gastalt School maintain that objects are recognized as a whole in parallel procedure.

(B) Neutral activity, triggered by the eye, forms an image in the brain's memory system that constitutes an internal representation of the viewed object.

(C) Controversy surrounds the question of whether recognition is a single one-step procedure or a serial step-by-step one.

(D) When an object is encountered again, it is matched with its internal recognition and thereby recognized.

6. The internal representation is matched with the retinal image in a single question.

(a) DBAC       (b) DCAB       (c) BDCA       (d) CABD

 







D

 

 

 

19. 1. The history of mammals dates back at least to Triassic time.

(A) Miocene and Pliocene time was marked by culmination of several groups and continued approach towards modern characters.

(B) Development was retarded, however, until the sudden acceleration of evolutional change that occurred in the oldest Paleocene.

(C) In the Oligocene Epoch, there was further improvement, with appearance of some new lines and extinction of theories.

(D) This led to Eocene time to increase in average size, larger mental capacity, and special adaptations for different modes of life.

6. The peak of the career of mammals in variety and average large size was attained in this epoch.

(a) BDCA       (b) ACDB       (c) BCDA       (d) ACBD









A

Sunday 12 February 2017

RC 8 EXPL

CORRECT ANSWER: 1E 2D 3B 4C 5B 6A 7E 8D 9A
1.E
The passage shows us a clear explication of how social statistics underestimate or exaggerate the degree of hardship.
We can find the information at the very first beginning of paragraph 1 and 2.
"In many ways, our social statistics exaggerate the degree of hardship" and "Yet there are also many ways our social statistics underestimate the degree of labor-market-related hardship."

2.D
By elimination
3.B
"Unemployment does not have the same dire consequences today as it did in the 1930's when most of the unemployed were primary breadwinners, when income and earnings were usually much closer to the margin of subsistence, and when there were no countervailing social programs for those failing in the labor market. Increasing affluence, the rise of families with more than one wage earner, the growing predominance of secondary earners among the unemployed, and improved social welfare protection have unquestionably mitigated the consequences of joblessness."

4.C
The conventional statistical indices failed to cover all determinants that truly reflected the dimensions of hardship of unemployment.

5.B
Yet there are also many ways our social statistics underestimate the degree of labor-market-related hardship.

6.A
Only the employed poor whose wages are at or below the minimum wage level is not counted in the poverty statistics.

7.E
The degree of hardship of the unemployment whose family is affluent is exaggerated.

8.D
Eliminate A B and E. In C, the fact that unemployment is not actively seeking work is wrong.

9.A
The main key word in the question is "the best criticism".
All other options can be eliminated out.