PC

45. A paragraph is given below from which the last sentence has been
deleted. From the given options,
choose the one that completes the paragraph in the most appropriate way


.
Art historians often view the Renaissance as beginning as early as the
13th century, with the art of
Giotto and Cimabue, and ending in the late 16th century with the work
of Michelangelo and Venetian
painters like Titian. Literary scholars in the Anglo-American world
take a very different perspective,
focusing on the rise of vernacular English literature in the 16th and
17th centuries in the poetry and
drama of Spenser, Shakespeare, and Milton. Historians take a different
approach again, labelling
the period c.1500–1700 as 'early modern', rather than 'Renaissance'.
These differences in dating
and even naming the Renaissance have become so intense that the
validity of the term is now in
doubt. Does it have any meaning any more?


(a) Does it underpin a belief in European cultural superiority?
(b) Today, there is a popular consensus that the term 'Renaissance'
refers to a profound and enduring
upheaval and transformation in culture, politics, art, and society in
Europe between the years
1400 and 1600.
(c) Is it possible to separate the Renaissance from the Middle Ages
that preceded it, and the
modern world that came after it?
(d) The word describes both a period in history and a more general
ideal of cultural renewal.


46. A paragraph is given below from which the last sentence has been
deleted. From the given options,
choose the one that completes the paragraph in the most appropriate way.


When it comes to partners, men often find women's taste fickle and
unfathomable. But ladies may
not be entirely to blame. A growing body of research suggests that
their preference for certain types
of male physiognomy may be swayed by things beyond their conscious
control—like prevalence of
disease or crime—and in predictable ways.
Masculine features—a big jaw, say, or a prominent brow—tend to reflect
physical and behavioural
traits, such as strength and aggression. They are also closely linked
to physiological ones, like
virility and a sturdy immune system.


(a) Aggression is fine when directed at external threats, less so when
it spills over onto the hearth.
(b) The obverse of these desirable characteristics looks less appealing.
(c) The results of the research are still tentative.
(d) Lisa DeBruine, of the University of Aberdeen, believes that
today's women still face a dilemma.


47. A paragraph is given below from which the last sentence has been
deleted. From the given options,
choose the one that completes the paragraph in the most appropriate way.


Ludwig Wittgenstein was a philosopher. Philosophy in the twentieth
century has become a pursuit
for specialists, and accordingly most philosophers who have recently
acquired reputations are
famous only among their fellows. Wittgenstein, however, is famous far
beyond the boundaries of
philosophy. Among non-philosophers his name is mentioned surprisingly
often and in a surprising
variety of connections. It seems that by many he is regarded as
quintessentially representative of
twentieth-century philosophy, as if he exemplifies, not just in his
work but in his personality, what
philosophy itself is like: difficult and profound.


(a) It lends itself to that treatment because of its style and
structure, and because it seems to distil
something of wisdom.
(b) The layman's estimation of Wittgenstein differs from that of many
contemporary philosophers.
(c) Perhaps for this reason his writings are plundered for aphorisms.
(d) However, it will not alter the fact that Wittgenstein's life and
thought were, at the very least,
extraordinary.