Each question consists of four sentences on a topic. These sentences
when read together constitute a paragraph. Some sentences are grammatically incorrect or inappropriate.
Select the option that indicates the grammatically incorrect and inappropriate sentence(s).
1 A. A team of NASA scientists, along with their Indian and Nepalese aides, is set to leave for the Everest
base camp to carry out experiments on “sleeping and waking movements” for future space
B. The team of 25 scientists from NASA, who arrived in Kathmandu on Saturday on a research
mission, includes doctors, pilots and scientists.
C. Besides the American scientists there are also six Indian and 11 Nepalese aides in the team.
D. “Quality sleep is crucial to daytime alertness and performance on critical tasks, and can also
impact long-term health,” said Steve Vander Ark.
(1) A and C (2) Only B (3) Only D (4) None of the above
2 A. Every few months there are upgraded versions of the appliances that we own.
B. And, as people get tech-savvy, the demands for gadgets just keeps increasing.
C. By the end of the year India should achieve a PC penetration of 65 per 1,000.
D. While that in itself is a good statistic, we also have two million old PCs ready for disposal.
(1) A, C and D (2) A and D (3) B and C (4) Only A
3 . A. FIFA, soccer’s world governing body, is branching into fashion, announcing plans on Sunday to
sell branded clothes and merchandise from this summer through new FIFA stores and retail
B. The Federation Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) says it would initially launch five
C. It will also introduce an event range for the 2010 FIFA World Cup in South Africa.
D. FIFA said it had signed a license agreement with a brand management and licensing company,
which is working with designers and signing up distributors.
(1) Only A (2) Only B (3) Only C (4) None of the above
4 . A. Tomatoes eaten raw might not be so healthy, says a new study, because our digestive tract can
only process a tiny amount of lycopene, an antioxidant found in tomatoes.
B. Antioxidants are dietary substances found in beta carotene, vitamins C and E and selenium.
C. They prevent damage to the cells in our body or reverse damage after it has been done.
D. The study found that although around 75 percent of the total antioxidants were released, this
included only four percent of the lycopene found on the raw tomato.
(1) B and C (2) C and A (3) Only D (4) None of the above
1) Psychology begun adopting an experimental and clinical approach under
modern Russian physicians and psychiatrists, who constructed psychiatric
institutions for such purpose.
2) Psychology started adopting an experimental and clinical approach within
modern Russian physicians and psychiatrists, who constructed psychiatric
institutions for such purpose.
3) Psychology started adopting an experimental and clinical approach under
modern Russian physicians and psychiatrists, which constructed
psychiatric institutions for such purpose.
4) Psychology started adopting an experimental and clinical approach under
modern Russian physicians and psychiatrists, who constructed psychiatric
institutions for such purpose.
6 Identify the CORRECT sentence or sentences.
1) Psychologists seeking to understand the role of psychological functions in
a person and his social behaviour, while also investigating the significant
neurological and physiological processes.
2) Psychologist seek to understand the role of psychological functions in a
person and his social behaviour, while also investigating the significant
neurological and physiological processes.
3) Psychologists seek to understand the role in psychological functions in a
person and his social behaviour, while also investigating the significant
neurological and physiological processes.
4) Psychologists seek to understand the role of psychological functions in a
person and his social behaviour, while also investigating the significant
neurological and physiological processes.
7 From among the given alternatives choose the one that best completes the sentence.
The Electronics and Radar Development Establishment in Bangalore develops for
1) the army forces sensors meant to survey, track, and control weapons.
2) the armed forces sensors meant for surveillance, tracking, and weapons
3) arm force sensors meant for surveying, tracking, and weapons control.
4) the armed forces t
8 Each question has a sentence that has an underlined part. Choose the option which
rephrases the underlined part in the most appropriate manner in terms of grammar
‘With some of the money I could and would fit out an expedition of my own, and sail
for the Indies on my own account; and perhaps return with my ship more richly-laden
than any ship has ever been before; I should be given honours; perhaps called for
court; and who knows, Harry, where I ought stop!
1) than any ship has ever been before; I should be given honours; perhaps
called for court; and who knows, Harry, where I would have stopped!
2) then any ship has ever been before; I should be given honours; perhaps
called for court; and who knows, Harry, where I ought stop!
3) than any ship has never been before; I should be given honours; perhaps
called to court; and who knows, Harry, where I ought stop!
4) than any ship has ever been before; I should be given honours; perhaps
called to court; and who knows, Harry, where I ought stop!
9 Each question has a sentence that has an underlined part. Choose the option which
rephrases the underlined part in the most appropriate manner, grammatically and in
Around the nest a new barrier appears, but in order to pierce this, the insect will
need to repeat the act, which its not intended to perform more than once in its life.
1) which its not intended to perform more than once in it's life.
2) which it's not intended to perform more than once in it's life.
3) which it's not intended to perform more than once in its life.
4) which its not intended to perform more than once in its life.
10 In the following questions, a sentence or paragraph is broken into fragments
and labelled A, B, C and D. Some of these fragments carry grammatical or
usage errors in the context of the sentence/paragraph. Choose for your
answer the combination that shows all the INCORRECT fragments.
A. Notable among Ramkinkar’s work is Santhal Family,
B. which depicts members of the Santhal tribe spread in eastern India,
C. moving home with its possessions.
D. Ramkinkar was one of a kind, cut off from the material world.
11 In the following questions, a sentence or paragraph is broken into fragments
and labelled A, B, C and D. Some of these fragments carry grammatical or
usage errors in the context of the sentence/paragraph. Choose for your
answer the combination that shows all the INCORRECT fragments.
A. Two years later Hamilton presented Congress with a “Report on Manufactures”,
B. his plan to get the young countries economy going.
C. Hamilton had no time for Adam Smith’s ideas about hidden hand.
D. America needed to protect its infant industries with tariffs if it wanted to see them
1 Each of the questions below consists of a set of labelled sentences. These
sentences, when properly sequenced, form a coherent paragraph. Choose the most
logical order of sentences from the options.
A. In the "third culture" best seller The Blank Slate: The Modern Denial of Human Nature ,
Pinker says that we may need to admit a natural scientific basis for what humanists have for
B. After all, the social sciences historically offered empirical support and spiritual hope for just
such reforms, which are increasingly dismissed as "utopian."
C. The configuration of our brains and genes may ultimately be out of our control, however
deeply we come to understand them.
D. Pinker's message will appeal to those eager to avoid political reforms that would compel a
greater sense of collective responsibility.
2 Choose the most logical sequence for the sentences labelled A, B, C, and D
to form a coherent paragraph.
A. From the Bank’s establishment until today, the unwritten rule has been that the US
government simply designates each new president: all 11 have been Americans, and
not a single one has been an expert in economic development, or had a career in
fighting poverty or promoting environmental sustainability.
B. With the Bank just two blocks away from the White House on Pennsylvania Avenue,
it has been all too easy for the US to dominate the World Bank.
C. Instead, the US has selected Wall Street bankers and politicians, presumably to
ensure that the Bank’s policies are suitably friendly to US commercial and political
D. Now many members, including Brazil, China, India, and several African countries,
are raising their voices in support of more collegial leadership and an improved
strategy that works for all.
3 A. It is demanding that any party it backs should establish a working group on violence against
women and children in the assembly.
B. In the run-up to the January 28 polls, for instance, members of Women Action for Development
(WAD) are organising camps in all constituencies.
C. Ironically, Manipur has many activist groups led by women.
D. True empowerment will only happen when women enter the assembly in good numbers.
E. Conflict Widows’ Forum is a group made up of women who have lost their husbands to civil
(a) DBCEA (b) CBADE (c) BDCEA (d) CBEAD
4 A. This made me think again about my own cynicism about Web activism.
B. Dodd said that he believes that some sort of compromise on the content of the film will be
reached so that young people can see the film without seeking their parent’s permission.
C. I called Christopher Dodd, the former senator who now runs the motion picture association.
D. Sure hash tags come and go but they probably make the world, the one beyond the keyboard,
E. I expected him to suggest that all the online petitioners have failed to grasp the nuance and
importance of the rating system.
(a) DCBEA (b) ADCEB (c) DCEBA (d) CEBAD
5 A. These are not art galleries or the studio of an art lover, but restaurants that believe that a dash of
artwork can do-up their interiors, simultaneously promoting the works of an artist.
B. For over two years now, Tangerine restaurant has been promoting works of artists who are
looking for a platform or budding artists who needs to add to their collection.
C. Restaurants in the city are converting their walls into an exhibition space, displaying the works of
different budding artists periodically.
D. The once plain walls here have a new aura as frames holding different colours, themes and
E. The works are exhibited on a no-cost basis, but the select works do go through “some amount of
objective judging”, by Illango’s Artspace.
(a) DACBE (b) BCEDA (c) ABCDE (d) ADCBE
1 these sentences belong to the same paragraph, and can be arranged
logically to form a coherent paragraph. One of the sentences does not fit into
this paragraph. Choose the ODD sentence for your answer.
A. When people use pirated books, the publisher and the author often are worse off –
they lose earnings from selling the book.
B. And, in any case, we are now a long way from the standard cases of stealing.
C. I am better off, but she is worse off.
D. If I steal someone’s book the old-fashioned way, I have the book, and the original
2 Four statements are given below, labeled a, b, c and d. Of these, three statements need to be
arranged in a logical order to form a coherent paragraph/passage. From the given options, choose
the option that does not fit the sequence.
(a) The exceptions allowed are few and clearly specified.
(b) They extend to regional trade agreements, preferential treatment for developing countries, and
the invocation of a non-application clause by an existing member against a newly acceding
(c) The Most-Favoured-Nation rule applies to all issues included within the mandate of the World
(d) This same principle of reciprocity, however, has been a sore point in the relations of developed
and developing countries in the World Trade Organisation.
1 Complete the paragraph most appropriately using the best option.
Censorship is a subtle thing in the sense that it operates out of sight, out of
awareness, and taking things out of our world makes it really easy for any
brief spurts of attention to die natural deaths. Yet there is a paradox in our
perceptions. We imagine censorship as something that would jar us, stop
words abruptly. While possible, it is usually not like this. Ideas going missing
in the world paradoxically enclose us in these tiny cocoons of fantasies: that
we can say what we like. Or that we are hearing a balanced view of
everything. ____________________.
1) We forget that there are things that cannot be said.
2) We are not aware of what is missing.
3) Censorship is a continuous thing.
4) And make no mistake, that view is quite censored.
2 Complete the paragraph most appropriately using the best option.
Ignorance is the root of all evil, according to Plato, who also gave us a stillcurrent
definition of its opposite: knowledge. For Plato, knowledge is
“justified true belief.” That definition is worthy of consideration. Plato thought
that three conditions must be met in order for us to “know” something: the
notion in question must actually be true; we must believe it and, most subtly,
_________________.
1) it must be justifiable.
2) it must be conclusive.
3) it must be dependable.
4) it must be accurate.
3 A paragraph is given below from which the last sentence has been deleted. From the given options,
choose the one that completes the paragraph in the most appropriate way.
What is bad writing? One definition of bad writing is that it only entertains but does not edify. It does
not raise 'important questions' regarding political or social ills but, instead, runs away from them.
Put simply, bad writing reinforces popular attitudes even if it's at the cost of harming a cultural fabric.
Bad writing's goals are self-serving. ________________________
(a) It aims to make money for its publisher and author and win popularity for its writer without caring
two hoots about the greater common good or making the reader think beyond the text.
(b) Good writing - especially fiction – on the other hand - is as man-made and culturally-constructed
method of enquiry used to analyse and judge one’s views.
(c) However, no text - and, by extension, an author - is universally or eternally good or bad.
(d) Thus, if good writing is to prevail, 'good writers' must slug it out in the open with 'bad writers'.
4 Policy failures come in many shapes and sizes. But they are almost invariably accentuated by the
choices that have to be made in periods of financial shortage. Yesterday the coalition government
found itself confronted by two of them, one in policing policy and the other in higher education. The
failures are radically different in many details. But they have this in common: they are both serious
failures, and they were both foreseeable. They could both have been mitigated by clearer policymaking
at an earlier stage. ________________________
(a) On the policing cuts, it is the opinion that Britain has more police officers than it needs.
(b) Instead each has been allowed to fester and become more difficult to solve politically.
(c) Downing Street must be thanking Prince Andrew for providing some distraction.
(d) Police numbers have increased without proper regard to social need.
5 It seems Prime Minister Manmohan Singh’s top scientific adviser CNR Rao and his band of merry
men - three reputed scientists from top scientific institutions of the country - have been cherry
picking some interesting material from the work of other scientists and passing them off as their
own. This is not the first time, people - reputed (and talented) people that is - have been caught
doing such things. Often people - the kind-hearted ones - say imitation is actually the sincerest form
of flattery. ________________________
(a) But the truth is, not many people find it amusing when they find that their work has been picked
up by someone else without giving them any credit.
(b) To cut a long and not-a-plagiarized-story short, the Indian scientists have apologized to Advanced
Materials, a prestigious journal, for “reproduction of text from an article” that appeared in another
journal, Applied Physics Letters, in 2010.
(c) In other words, the scientists forgot to issue a ‘footnote’ that the four contentious lines were
picked up from another source.
(d) But the thing about plagiarism is that it is considered so if the offenders are caught.
RC 1 The passage given below is followed by a set of questions. Choose the
most appropriate answer to each question.
That there is an irrelevant representative or descriptive element in many great works of art is not in the least
surprising. Representation is not of necessity baneful, and highly realistic forms may be extremely significant.
Very often, however, representation is a sign of weakness in an artist. A painter too feeble to create forms
that provoke more than a little aesthetic emotion will try to eke that little out by suggesting the emotions of
life. To evoke the emotions of life he must use representation. Thus a man will paint an execution, and,
fearing to miss with his first barrel of significant form, will try to hit with his second by raising an emotion of
fear or pity. But if in the artist an inclination to play upon the emotions of life is often the sign of a flickering
inspiration, in the spectator a tendency to seek, behind form, the emotions of life is a sign of defective
sensibility always. It means that his aesthetic emotions are weak or, at any rate, imperfect.
Before a work of art people who feel little or no emotion for pure form find themselves at a loss. They are
deaf men at a concert. They know that they are in the presence of something great, but they lack the power
of apprehending it. They know that they ought to feel for it a tremendous emotion, but it happens that the
particular kind of emotion it can raise is one that they can feel hardly or not at all. And so they read into the
forms of the work those facts and ideas for which they are capable of feeling emotion, and feel for them the
emotions that they can feel—the ordinary emotions of life. When confronted by a picture, instinctively they
refer back its forms to the world from which they came.
They treat created form as though it were imitated form, a picture as though it were a photograph. Instead
of going out on the stream of art into a new world of aesthetic experience, they turn a sharp corner and
come straight home to the world of human interests. For them the significance of a work of art depends on
what they bring to it; no new thing is added to their lives, only the old material is stirred. A good work of
visual art carries a person who is capable of appreciating it out of life into ecstasy: to use art as a means
to the emotions of life is to use a telescope for reading the news. You will notice that people who cannot
feel pure aesthetic emotions remember pictures by their subjects; whereas people who can, as often as
not, have no idea what the subject of a picture is. They have never noticed the representative element, and
so when they discuss pictures they talk about the shapes of forms and the relations and quantities of
colours. Often they can tell by the quality of a single line whether or not a man is a good artist. They are
concerned only with lines and colours, their relations and quantities and qualities; but from these they win
an emotion more profound and far more sublime than any that can be given by the
description of facts and ideas.
1. According to the passage, an artist whose painting of an event looks like a photograph is likely to be
(d) someone who cannot be called an artist.
2. ”Deaf men at a concert” suggests that the author
(a) believes that some people cannot appreciate art because they try too hard.
(b) believes that some people do not understand art and aesthetics.
(c) believes that concerts can be appreciated only by experts.
(d) believes that the common man cannot understand or appreciate art.
3. According to the passage, a person who cannot remember the subject of a picture is likely to be
(a) capable of really appreciating art and feeling pure aesthetic emotions.
(b) not capable of really appreciating art and feeling pure aesthetic emotions.
(c) a deaf man at a concert.
(d) a person who uses a telescope to read the news.
RC 2 The idea of dead scientists engaging in an experiment in eugenics is incredible enough. Yet the most
striking feature in this episode is the power that is ascribed to science itself. While spiritualism evolved into
a popular religion, complete with a heavenly “Summerland” where the dead lived free from care and sorrow,
the intellectual elite of psychical researchers thought of their quest as a rigorously scientific inquiry. But if
these Victorian seekers turned to science, it was to look for an exit from the world that science had
revealed. Darwinism had disclosed a purposeless universe without human meaning; but purpose and
meaning could be restored, if only science could show that the human mind carried on evolving after the
death of the body. All of these seekers had abandoned any belief in traditional religion. Still, the human
need for a meaning in life that religion once satisfied could not be denied, and fuelled the faith that scientific
investigation would show that the human story continues after death. In effect, science was used against
science, and became a channel for belief in magic.
Much of what the psychical researchers viewed as science we would now call pseudo-science. But the
boundaries of scientific knowledge are smudged and shifting, and seem clear only in hindsight. There is no
pristine science untouched by the vagaries of faith. The psychical researchers used science not only to
deal with private anguish but also to bolster their weakening belief in progress. Especially after the catastrophe
of the First World War, the gradual improvement that most people expected would continue indefinitely
appeared to be faltering. If the scripts were to be believed, however, there was no cause for anxiety or
despair. The world might be sliding into anarchy, but progress continued on the other side.
Many of the psychical researchers believed they were doing no more than show that evolution continues in
a post-mortem world. Like many others, then and now, they confused two wholly different things. Progress
assumes some goal or direction. But evolution has neither of these attributes, and if natural selection
continued in another world it would feature the same random death and wasted lives we find here below.
Darwinism is impossible to reconcile with the notion that humans have any special exemption from mortality.
In Darwin’s scheme of things species are not fixed or everlasting. How then could only humans go on to a
life beyond the grave? Surely, in terms of the prospect of immortality, all sentient beings stand or fall
together. Then again, how could anyone imagine all the legions of the dead – not only the human generations
that have come and gone but the countless animal species that are now extinct – living on in the ether,
Science could not give these seekers what they were looking for. Yet at the same time that sections of the
English elite were looking for a scientific version of immortality, a similar quest was under way in Russia
among the “God-builders” – a section of the Bolshevik intelligentsia that believed science could someday,
perhaps quite soon, be used to defeat death.
1. How was “science used against science” according to the author?
(a) People sought science to seek an exit from the world created by science.
(b) Science was used to spread the belief of life after death or eternal life.
(c) Science was used to destroy the very essence of science.
(d) Scientists used the scientific techniques to spread unscientific ideas.
2. What is the confusion of past and present day psychical researchers?
(a) They confuse progress with immortality.
(b) They confuse evolution with progress.
(c) They think progress in evolution leads to development.
(d) They confuse evolution with progress in life in another world.
3. Which of the following is the most appropriate title for the passage?
(a) Science and immortality
(c) Attempts to deny man’s mortality
RC 3 Many Americans have a vague sense that their lives have been distorted by a giant cultural bias. They live
in a society that prizes the development of career skills but is inarticulate when it comes to the things that
matter most. The young achievers are tutored in every soccer technique and calculus problem, but when it
comes to their most important decisions—whom to marry and whom to befriend, what to love and what to
despise—they are on their own. Nor, for all their striving, do they understand the qualities that lead to the
highest achievement. Intelligence, academic performance, and prestigious schools don’t correlate well
with fulfillment, or even with outstanding accomplishment. The traits that do make a difference are poorly
understood, and can’t be taught in a classroom, no matter what the tuition: the ability to understand and
inspire people; to read situations and discern the underlying patterns; to build trusting relationships; to
recognize and correct one’s shortcomings; to imagine alternate futures. In short, these achievers have a
sense that they are shallower than they need to be.
Help comes from the strangest places. We are living in the middle of a revolution in consciousness. Over
the past few decades, geneticists, neuroscientists, psychologists, sociologists, economists, and others
have made great strides in understanding the inner working of the human mind. They are giving us a better
grasp of emotions, intuitions, biases, longings, predispositions, character traits, and social bonding, precisely
those things about which our culture has least to say. Brain science helps fill the hole left by the atrophy
of theology and philosophy.
A core finding of this work is that we are not primarily the products of our conscious thinking. The conscious
mind gives us one way of making sense of our environment. But the unconscious mind gives us other, more
supple ways. The cognitive revolution of the past thirty years provides a different perspective on our lives,
one that emphasizes the relative importance of emotion over pure reason, social connections over individual
choice, moral intuition over abstract logic, and perceptiveness over I.Q. It allows us to tell a different sort of
success story, an inner story to go along with the conventional surface one.
Deciding whom to love is not an alien form of decision-making, a romantic interlude in the midst of normal
life. Instead, decisions about whom to love are more intense versions of the sorts of decisions we make
throughout the course of our existence, from what kind of gelato to order to what career to pursue. Living is
an inherently emotional business.
1The primary purpose of the author is to
(a) analyze the process of decision making in the human mind.
(b) argue that the process of making a decision, whether about a gelato or a career, remains the
(c) discuss how the advances in brain science help in understanding the human mind.
(d) critique research studies on the human mind.
2Which of the following is true according to the passage?
(a) The author believes that success in one’s career does not lead to happiness.
(b) The author believes that the achievers in America are shallower than they need to be.
(c) The author believes that American society gives undue importance to certain unimportant traits.
(d) The author believes that developments in brain science help in understanding traits needed for
Each question has a set of four sequentially ordered statements.
Each statement can be classified as one of the following:
· Facts, which deal with pieces of information that one has heard, seen or read, and which are open
to discovery or verification (the answer option indicates such a statement with an ‘F’).
· Inferences, which are conclusions drawn about the unknown, on the basis of the known (the answer
option indicates such a statement with an ‘I’).
· Judgements, which are opinions that imply approval or disapproval of persons, objects, situations and
occurrences in the past, the present or the future (the answer option indicates such a statement with a
Select the answer option that best describes the set of four statements.
1 A. The Health minister in the capital believes that none of the six suspected cases of swine flu here will
test positive for the infection.
B. The sixth and last patient was a London-based NRI.
C. His samples would most probably turn out to be negative since that of the other five were negative.
D. “ We have discharged him early this morning,” NK Chaturvedi said.
(1) JFJJ (2) JFIJ (3) FFIJ (4) FFIF
2 . A. Hollywood star Tom Hanks’ controversial ‘Angels & Demons’ would live up to the expectations of
Indian fans as they have a ‘soulful liking for thrillers’.
B. Tom Hanks also says he would love to come to India to ‘be among the most lovable human fraternity’.
C. Hanks must be glad that ‘Angels & Demons’, a sequel to worldwide hit ‘The Da Vinci Code’, is
releasing the same day in India as in the US.
D. I am happy that it is not being released in phases ... We would like to give our (Indian) audiences the
thrill of seeing an exceptionally adventurous thriller along with the US on May 15,’ Hanks told
IANS in an e-mail interview.
(1) JJJJ (2)IFIF (3) JFIF (4) IJJJ
3 A. With echoes of Antonioni and Bresson , the story of a young woman’s disappearance is one of the
most remarkable British debuts of recent years.
B. The use of the widescreen, the long, elegant takes, the deliberate pace and the stylised acting would
make it difficult to appreciate fully on television and, indeed, it is a film that doesn’t court easy
C. Performed by a largely non-professional cast, Helen was shot on location in Dublin, Liverpool,
Birmingham and Tyneside, giving its composite urban setting a mysterious topicality.
D. We next see a line of police searching the woods, moving steadily towards what we know is the
scene of the crime in the foreground and the camera pans over six objects on the ground, each
marked with a black and yellow number plate, starting with the leather shoulder bag and a yellow
(1) JJJF (2) JIIJ (3) IIIJ (4) JIJF
4 1. There have been various studies conducted on the human mind by the Tata Research Institute.
2. The mind is nothing but a flow of thoughts.
(3) The human mind cannot be seen but its wonderful effects are clearly experienced by each one of us
4. In the scriptures, the mind has been compared to a lake; this may be because comparison with a lake
makes the task of explaining the nuances of the mind relatively easy.
(1) FJJI (2) JFIJ (3) IFFJ (4) IFFI
Each sentence below has two blanks, each blank indicates that
something has been omitted. Beneath the sentence are four sets of words/ phrases. Choose the set of words/
phrases for each blank that best fits the meaning of the sentence as a whole. The first word should fit the first
1 Despite many decades of research on the gasification of coal, the data accumulated is not
directly________to environmental questions; thus a new programme of research which specifically
deals with such questions is ______________.
(1) analogous....promising
(2) antithetical....unremarkable
(3) applicable...warranted
(4) pertinent...unnecessary
2 No one is ______about Rahul; he inspires either uncritical adulation or profound _____in those who
(3) enthusiastic...veneration
(4) apprehensive...consternation
3 In response to the follies of today’s commercial and political worlds, the author does not____inflamed
indignation, but rather_____the detachment and smooth aphoristic prose of an eighteenth-century wit.
4 Because we are products of several cultures, _______ between different cultures
generally take place _______, contrary to the idea of “clash of civilizations” that its
proponents seem to claim.
1) interaction, everyday
2) encounters, peacefully
3) assembly, violently
4) mingling, discreetly
5 Although lionesses can reach speeds of 59 km/h, they can only do so for ________
bursts, so they have to be ________ to their prey before starting the attack.
6 Fill in the blanks with the most appropriate word/set of words from the given options.
Transhumanism, a term often used as a synonym for "human enhancement", is an
international intellectual and cultural movement supporting the use of new sciences
and technologies for enhancing human mental and physical abilities and aptitudes,
and ________ stupidity, suffering, disease, aging and involuntary death.
7 Desertification, the creation of desert-like conditions where none had existed before, is the result of
the ________ of weather and climate or the mismanagement of the land or, in most cases, some
(a) vagaries, combination (b) caprice, notion
(c) predictability, olio (d) omination, synthesis
8 Recent years have brought minority-owned businesses in the United States ________opportunities
- as well as new and ________risks.
(a) unprecedented, significant (b) preternatural, vast
(c) unparalleled, conventional (d) idiosyncratic, sententious
9 Unemployment does not have the same ________consequences today as it did in the 1930’s when
most of the unemployed were primary breadwinners, when income and earnings were usually much
closer to the margin of subsistence, and when there were no ________social programs for those
failing in the labor market.
(a) dire, countervailing (b) calamitous, offset
(c) cornucopian, balancing (d) ominous, invalidated
1 Shruti: Neha would not make an effective teacher. She is too lenient to fail students and too critical to
reward any student with good marks.
An assumption central to the argument above is that
(1) effective teachers fail a certain percentage of their students and reward the rest with high marks.
(2) a teacher must be capable of either rewarding students with high marks or failing students in
(3) it is impossible to fail a student and then later reward him with high marks.
(4) in order to fail or reward her students, Neha must be an effective teacher.
2 During winters, Brandy sales in the hilly regions of Uttrakhand are high. Brandy is selling well in the
hilly regions of Uttrakhand today, so it must be winter.
Which of the following is logically most similar to the argument above?
(1) Proficiency at logical thinking is enough to ensure success in the CAT teaching domain. But there
are no CAT teachers among my friends, so they must be illogical.
(2) Someone who thinks logically can become a CAT teacher. Ujjwala thinks very logically, so she
can become an excellent CAT teacher.
(3) A CAT teacher must be able to think logically. Vijay is a very logical person, so he must be a
(4) Skill in thinking logically is one guarantee of success at CAT teaching; a 99.9 percentile score in
3 Atul: This shoe is costly to make. We should switch to a less costly brand of leather for this product.
Shreya: But the shoe sells so well because of its tenacity. No other material performs as well. We
should stick with what we know we can sell.
The speakers above disagree over which one of the following issues?
(1) Whether they should make the shoe from a different brand of leather.
(2) Whether other leather materials perform as well as the material currently used.
(3) Whether customer priorities should factor into product development questions.
(4) Whether the leather used for this material is more expensive than other available materials.
Though nihilism and existentialism are distinct philosophies, they are often confused
with one another. A primary cause of confusion is that Friedrich Nietzsche is a
central philosopher in both fields. Adding to the confusion is a form of existentialism,
nihilistic existentialism, which contains elements of both. What sets existential
nihilists apart from pure nihilists is that while nihilists do not believe in any meaning
whatsoever, existential nihilists only believe this in relation to any sort of meaning to
life. This position is implied in “regular” nihilism, and existential nihilists may also
subscribe to the full nihilistic view, but existential nihilism is still a separate view.
1) Nihilism and existential nihilism are confused with each other for several
reasons. Both have Nietzsche as the central philosopher and they have
several common traits. One view may even subscribe to the other.
2) Nihilism and existential nihilism are distinct philosophies. They are often
confused for two reasons: both have Nietzsche as the central figure;
existential nihilism adds to the confusion.
3) Nihilism and existentialism are distinct philosophies. They are often
confused because of the Central philosopher Nietzsche and a form of
nihilism called existential nihilism containing elements of both.
4) Though Nihilism and existentialism are distinct philosophies, they are
often confused because Nietzsche is the central philosopher in both and
because of a form of nihilism called existential nihilism containing
5 Under-nutrition, as a “silent” emergency, haunts the lives of millions of Indian children.
Several facts reveal the magnitude and severity of the nutritional crisis facing the
country. Close to two million children below the age of five die in India every year. Of
these, the majority of deaths can be attributed to under-nutrition and hunger.
However, it is argued that the deaths are highly exaggerated and the majority of the
deaths are caused by common childhood illnesses such as diarrhoea, measles,
malaria, pneumonia etc.
Which of the following most seriously weakens the argument above?
1) Scientific evidence shows that undernourished children have significantly
lower chances of survival than children who are well-nourished.
2) Scientific evidence shows that a child suffering from severe acute
malnutrition is nine times more likely to die than children who are not
3) Scientific evidence shows that undernourished children are much more
prone to serious infections and to die from common childhood illnesses.
4) 43 per cent of Indian children below five years of age are underweight and
48 per cent are stunted.
6 The troposphere is the lowest layer of the Earth's atmosphere. The troposphere
starts at the Earth's surface and goes up to a height of 7 to 20 km above sea level.
Air is warmest at the bottom of the troposphere near ground level. Higher up it gets
colder. However, the temperature gets warmer as you go upward from the
troposphere to the next layer stratosphere. Earth's “sunscreen”, the ozone layer, is
within the stratosphere. Ozone molecules absorb energy from ultraviolet “light”
coming from the Sun. They turn that energy into heat. That is what heats the
If the above is true, which of the following also has to be true?
1) The temperature at any point in the stratosphere is at least as great as the
temperature at the top of the troposphere directly beneath that point.
2) The temperature in the troposphere at any point above the earth is always
greater than the temperature in the stratosphere directly above it.
3) Poles would have a warmer stratosphere compared to the stratosphere
4) Ozone depletion would result in a warmer stratosphere and a cooler
7 Choose the option that best captures the essence of the paragraph.
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, or PTSD, is the persistence of debilitating
psychological symptoms. It can include flashbacks and nightmares, increased
arousal in the form of insomnia, anger and an inability to concentrate, and impaired
personal relationships. Although lasting psychological damage from horrific
experiences has been recognised since time immemorial, it is only since 1980,
when veterans were still experiencing stress from the Vietnam war, that PTSD has
been a formal psychiatric diagnosis.
1) PTSD is a set of psychological symptoms. Though in existence since
ancient times it was considered an illness only after the Vietnam war.
2) PTSD is a formal psychiatric diagnosis for symptoms including
flashbacks, nightmares, insomnia, anger and impaired relationships.
3) Post Traumatic Stress Disorder is the persistence of debilitating
psychological symptoms. Though in existence since ancient times it was
considered an illness only after 1980.
4) Post Traumatic Stress Disorder is a psychiatric diagnosis for flashbacks,
nightmares, insomnia, anger and impaired relationships, an illness from
1 I. Saccharine (A) / saccharin (B) is a hundred times sweeter than cane sugar but is calorie
II. The scene evoked (A) / invoked (B) happy childhood memories.
III. The judge appears certain to acquit the accused citing the reason of exiguous (A) / exigent
IV. He was dispassionate and had an equable (A) / equitable (B) temperament.
2 The questions below contains a number of sentences. Each sentence has pairs of
word(s)/phrase(s) that are highlighted. From the highlighted word(s)/phrase(s),
select the most appropriate word(s)/phrase(s) to form correct sentences. Then, from
the options given, choose the best one.
I. The salubrious (A) / salutary (B) climate of the hills had a healing effect on his chronic
II. Although seasonal (A) / seasonable (B), the weather was not suitable for a picnic.
III. He lay supine (A) / prone (B) with his nose pressed to the floor.
IV. Her wish to give up a profitable career for social service is laudable (A) / laudatory (B).
V. Her research in the area of women’s role in development was systematic (A) / systemic (B).
3 Each of the questions below contains a number of sentences. Each sentence has
pairs of word(s)/phrase(s) that are highlighted. From the highlighted
word(s)/phrase(s), select the most appropriate word(s)/phrase(s) to form correct
sentences. Then, from the options given, choose the best one.
I. Since the judge is an acknowledged man of integrity, he expects a judicial (A) / judicious
(B) decision in relation to his case in the court.
II. His disappointment with the performance appraisal was militated (A) / mitigated (B) by the
III. In spite of his noble lineage (A) / linage (B), his behaviour left a lot to be desired.
IV. The decision of the government suggested a reversal (A) / reversion (B) of its earlier
V. A new society will have to be built by human beings working purposively (A) / purposefully
1 In the following question the word given at the top of the question is used in
four different ways. Choose the sentence in which the use of the word is
1) My wife is due in three weeks.
2) He deserves to be given his due.
3) The island lies due south of the Lighthouse.
4) He was absent due to illness.
2 In the following question the word given at the top of the question is used in
four different ways. Choose the sentence in which the use of the word is
1) The drugs can't end the disease's progress, may only slow it
2) End markets for an industry can be local or international.
3) The car's front end was damaged.
4) The lecture is scheduled to end at noon.
corresponding to the sentence in which the usage of the word is incorrect or inappropriate.
(a) There was a job of work waiting for him that he was not looking forward to.
(b) That cup of tea was just the job.
(c) Sorting these papers out is going to be a tall job.
(d) He got six months for that last job he did.
corresponding to the sentence in which the usage of the word is incorrect or inappropriate.
(a) The latest computers will be on show at the exhibition.
(b) She had shown herself unable to deal with money.
(c) It just goes to show what you can do when you really try.
(d) He showed me up by snoring during the concert.
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