Directions for questions 31 and 32: The passage given below is followed by a set of two questions. Choose the most appropriate answer to each question.
The spiritual interlocutor interacts without preconceived notions. The good discussant receives without barriers and responds in a heightened state of understanding. The shedding of constructs becomes at once a spiritual and humanist pursuit. Most of us, by force of sub- conscious habit, introduce our experiential and intellectual baggage into our interactions with people. This not only distorts our understanding of the material reality, but inhibits our spiritual growth as well. We stew in our 'here and now' boxes, unable to elevate ourselves as a bird would.
Yet, the validity of experience should not be discounted. Experience should be assessed with a certain heightened objectivity for one to draw the right lessons for one's actions. So detachment should be seen as a means to arrive at that state of balanced understanding. It does not preclude pain and compassion; but it discards obfuscation and hypocrisy.
Creativity is said to spring from the angst of experience. Often the outpourings of a tortured mind make for great literature and painting. Ironically, existential pain can bring about work of transcendental quality. The beauty and simplicity of Kahlil Gibran's The Prophet is testimony to the literary virtues of spiritualism. The spiritual world is a rich, fulsome, loving nothingness that opens up the heavens, not a musty blankness.
Compassion could liberate us from the boundaries of the mind. The house- holder looks after the family out of a sense of duty and affection, which in due course becomes second nature. The mental and emotional universe of such an individual is able to accommodate reality in virtually all its dimensions. Psychologist Eric Fromm points out that love must be all-encompassing by nature for an individual to be spiritually liberated. To love some people and resent others is not real love.
31. Which of the following will be a suitable title for the passage?
(a) Spiritual Equality
(b) Limitations of the Intellectual
(c) Creativity and Spirituality
(d) Being Spiritual
32. "It does not preclude pain and compassion; but it discards obfuscation and hypocrisy." When paraphrased, how will the given sentence read?
(a) Experience does not prevent pain and compassion but rejects disguise and insincerity.
(b) Detachment does not prevent pain and compassion but rejects disguise and insincerity.
(c) Detachment does not prevent pain and compassion but rejects complication and pretense.
(d) Experience does not prevent pain and compassion but rejects complication and pretense.
Directions for questions 33 to 35: The passage given below is followed by a set of three questions. Choose the most appropriate answer to each question.
A sensible and fair approach would be to let the high-end tax cuts expire as scheduled, but keep the other tax cuts for another year. That would keep more cash in the hands of people most likely to spend it and prop up consumer demand while the economy is weak. It would give Congress and the administration time to undertake tax reform.
Most Congressional Republicans are willing to embrace reform, but only if it is "revenue neutral." There is no question that the system is overly complicated; it is also riddled with hugely costly special deals for special interests. Any reform must streamline the code, make it fairer and — most important — raise more revenue.
Each year, the government provides $1 trillion in tax breaks. Some of the largest breaks — for itemized deductions and retirement savings — should be retained because they subsidize important goals, like home ownership and old-age security. Right now, wealthier taxpayers get the greatest benefit. The process needs to be reformed so that most of the help flows to those who most need it: low- and middle-income taxpayers.
At the same time, super-low tax rates for investment income should be ended. Capital gains are taxed at a top rate of 15 percent, compared with a top rate for wages and salary of 35 percent. Proponents argue that the lower rate is an incentive to invest, but research shows that it also encourages gaming of the system. Tax breaks that have outlived their purpose must be ended, starting with subsidies for the oil industry, which is making billions in profits.
The revenue from such reforms could be used to pay down the deficit and allow all tax rates to be lowered, improving incentives to work. The amount of revenue raised and the drop in tax rates will depend on how much tax breaks are curbed.
Congress should consider raising revenues in other ways, like a value-added tax, or carbon taxes. That way all of the needed revenue for deficit reduction, and for what government provides, does not need to be squeezed from the income tax. A value-added tax is conducive to saving, and a carbon tax helps protect the environment.
The public is open to new taxes, and the economic facts are clear. Until tax increases are considered in equal measure to spending cuts, there will be no budget fix.
33. What is the tone of the passage?
(a) Placatory
(b) Advisory
(c) Premonitory
(d) Critical
34. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
(a) The current tax structure does not give the greatest benefit to low- and middle-income taxpayers.
(b) The current tax structure aims to give the greatest benefit to low- and middle-income taxpayers.
(c) Tax breaks give the greatest benefit to wealthier taxpayers.
(d) The current tax structure does not give the greatest benefit to wealthier taxpayers.
35. Which of the following can be inferred from the last sentence of the passage?
(a) Tax increase will give Congress and the administration time to undertake tax reforms.
(b) The economy can be strengthened if more importance is given to tax increases.
(c) The economy can be strengthened if less importance is given to spending cuts.
(d) The economy can be strengthened with equal importance given to tax increases and spending cuts.
36. The question given below is followed by two statements, A and B. Mark the answer using the following instructions:
Mark (a) if the question can be answered by using one of the statements alone, but cannot be answered by using the other statement alone.
Mark (b) if the question can be answered by using either statement alone.
Mark (c) if the question can be answered by using both the statements together, but cannot be answered by using either statement alone.
Mark (d) if the question cannot be answered even by using both the statements together.
Q. A program is telecasted on a channel in five different languages – Hindi, English, Tamil, Malayalam and Telugu – in five consecutive time slots, not necessarily in the same order. What is the language in the third slot?
A. Hindi is either in the second or in the fourth slot. Tamil is not in the first slot.
B. English and Malayalam are in two consecutive slots. Telugu is neither in the first nor in the last slot.
37. Five sentences are given below, labeled A, B, C, D and E. They need to be arranged in a logical order to form a coherent paragraph/passage. From the given options, choose the most appropriate one.
A. But instead the administration went into fright mode, ordering federal employees not to look at the cables at work or at home.
B. Thus the attempts to block or close down the website, even going so far as to call for the assassination of WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange.
C. These are symptoms of a weak, failing culture, unable to deal with its own history.
D. The administration doesn't want government workers and troops and ordinary citizens to see how their political sausage is made.
E. Censorship is always a bad move.
(a) ABECD (b) AEDBC (c) ADBCE (d) ACDBE
38. Five sentences are given below, labeled A, B, C, D and E. They need to be arranged in a logical order to form a coherent paragraph/passage. From the given options, choose the most appropriateone.
A. We surely need a much smarter long-term fiscal plan.
B. We need to cut spending in areas and on a time schedule that will hurt the least.
C. We need to raise taxes in ways that will hurt the least.
D. We need to use some of these revenues to invest in the pillars of our growth.
E. We need to offer every possible incentive to get our countrymen to start new businesses to grow out of this hole.
(a) ABCDE (b) ACEDB (c) ACEBD (d) ADCBE
39. Five sentences are given below, labeled A, B, C, D and E. They need to be arranged in a logical order to form a coherent paragraph/passage. From the given options, choose the most appropriate one.
A. Ostensibly a member of the Congolese Army, he is in fact a freelance killer with his own ethnic Tutsi militia.
B. All this might be a price worth paying if the law were having its intended effect.
C. Meanwhile, the law is benefiting some of the very people it was meant to single out.
D. The chief beneficiary is Gen. Bosco Ntaganda, who is nicknamed The Terminator.
E. They provide "security" to traders smuggling minerals across the border to neighboring Rwanda.
(a) ACDEB (b) DAEBC (c) CDAEB (d) BEACD
Directions for questions 40 to 42: Answer the questions on the basis of the information given below.
A bus left Terminal A for Terminal B and passed through seven bus stops on its way – P, Q, R, S, T, U and V – not necessarily in the same order. The distance between any two consecutive bus stops was the same. The bus always moved with a constant speed, which was either v m/s or 2v m/s, between two consecutive bus stops. It was also noticed during the journey that:
(i) The time taken by the bus to reach S from P was the same as the time taken to reach Q from T.
(ii) There was exactly one bus stop between S and V.
(iii) The distance between P and Q was the same as that between Q and T.
(iv) U was not the first bus stop and R came after U.
40. Which among the seven was the first bus stop?
(a) T (b) P (c) V (d) Cannot be determined
41. Which among the seven was the last bus stop?
(a) S (b) R (c) V (d) Cannot be determined
42. If the average speed of the bus between P and S was different from the average speed of the bus between T and Q, then which bus stop was immediately before R?
(a) P (b) S (c) V (d) Q
43. A paragraph is given below from which the last sentence has been deleted. From the given options, choose the one that completes the paragraph in the most appropriate way.
A key tipping point for this decades-long class warfare of the rich vs. the working class can be found in President Reagan's decision to break the air traffic controllers' union when it initiated a strike in 1981. Reagan's manoeuvre was an audacious gamble to head backwards in terms of economic and social justice, and it paid off. The weak, disorganized Left at the time was unable to mount a concerted, effective campaign against Reagan's union-busting move, and the public didn't seem to care.
(a) The lesson was learned: going backwards works.
(b) Compare those 'sounds of silence' in America then with now how citizens in other countries are reacting to the draconian "austerity" policies in Europe.
(c) These class-war realizations have led to millions of protesters in the streets.
(d) But in America, those in the shrinking middle class remain in a kind of social narcolepsy.
44. A paragraph is given below from which the last sentence has been deleted. From the given options, choose the one that completes the paragraph in the most appropriate way.
We mistakenly treated the end of the cold war as a victory that allowed us to put our feet up — when it was actually the onset of one of the greatest challenges we've ever faced. We helped to unleash two billion people just like us — in China, India and Eastern Europe. For us to effectively compete and collaborate with them — to maintain the American dream — required studying harder, investing wiser, innovating faster, upgrading our infrastructure quicker and working smarter.
(a) Our European friends went on a similar binge.
(b) But the real problem is that the global economy is badly over leveraged.
(c) Instead of doing that, we injected ourselves with massive amounts of credit.
(d) This enabled millions of people to buy homes they could not afford.
45. Seven persons – Aadi, Bukka, Chitta, Devan, Emaan, Farrar and Ganesh – are standing in a queue, not necessarily in the same order. Chitta is either the first or the last person in the queue. Ganesh is immediately in front of neither Aadi nor Farrar. Bukka is immediately in front of Ganesh. Aadi is immediately in front of neither Bukka nor Farrar. Chitta is immediately behind Farrar. Bukka is not the first person in the queue. Who is the third person from the front in the queue?
(a) Devan (b) Bukka (c) Aadi (d) Ganesh
Directions for questions 46 to 48: The passage given below is followed by a set of three questions. Choose the most appropriate answer to each question.
Having researched the historiography of Berlin, I tried to ascertain where the gaps in knowledge were – as historians; we need those gaps to work in. It struck me that a people's history of Berlin during the war was rather lacking. Added to that realization was the feeling that there is an awful lot of first-hand material from that time that is available: published and unpublished memoirs, diaries and so on. So I became convincedN that it was a rewarding avenue to pursue. It ties in also with the trend over the last couple of decades towards a 'democratization' of history; the shift from a top-down view – that of politicians and commanders – to a more popular one reflecting the experience of the man and woman in the street. Above all, I think, I wanted to challenge the lazy convention by which we see ordinary Germans at that time as a homogenized mass of Nazis, like robots, all marching in goosestep. Despite its popularity, that was never a terribly realistic assumption for any historian to make. I wanted to bring out the multiplicity of opinions and voices that were available in wartime Berlin.
The book has a great deal of original research behind it and much of the material you employ is largely unknown, at least to English language readers. It may seem remarkable to many people that there is anything left to say about Nazi Germany, but plainly there is. How did I go about finding that material? There are always new avenues opening up. There were a couple of places where I started my research for the book. One was the German Diary Archive in Emmendingen in southwestern Germany. In addition, there is a wonderful organization in Berlin that puts eyewitnesses in touch with historians, documentary filmmakers and the like. I approached them and they came back with a list of names and phone numbers. I ended up with about 40 Berliners of the wartime generation whom I then interviewed. I ended up with far more first-hand material than I could sensibly use.
I was looking first of all for patterns. The difficult thing with oral history is looking at what people remember and judging the accuracy of their recollections, the validity of it all. Historians must have their antennae tuned towards those issues. But it is the patterns, the symmetry of experience and subsequent corroboration that is important, as well as anything that stands out from those patterns. Exceptions had to be plausible; a few of my interviewees were plainly suffering from the ravages of age. But it was a fascinating experience to sit down with these people in elegant rooms in Berlin suburbs over coffee and cake and listen to their often hair-raising stories.
46. What does the author mean by 'democratization' of history?
(a) Rewriting history on the basis of established facts and verifiable data.
(b) Including the opinions of the common man.
(c) Changing the focus from the opinion and experience of politicians to that of common people.
(d) Considering multiplicity of opinions and voices available.
47. Which of the following has not been mentioned by the author as a factor he took into account to write the book?
(a) The availability of first hand material related to the book.
(b) The opportunity to challenge the common understanding about the Germans.
(c) The trend towards democratization of history.
(d) None of the above
48. Which of the following statements best describes the way in which the passage proceeds?
(a) The author challenges a position popular with historians and justifies his assertions.
(b) The author provides a historical backdrop to Nazi Germany and explains the forces that had been at work at that time.
(c) The author discusses the motivations behind his book, the research that has gone into it, and elaborates on its procedures and challenges.
(d) The author comments on the originality of his research and explains its relevance to his book.
49. The word given below has been used in sentences in four different ways. Choose the option corresponding to the sentence in which the usage of the word is incorrect or inappropriate.
Pull
(a) By cheating his master and slow poisoning him, the servant thought that he has been able to pull the fast one.
(b) She saw the ambulance coming up behind her and pulled over.
(c) They waved as the bus pulled away.
(d) The clever leader pulled strings to mitigate the chances of a deserved defeat.
50. The word given below has been used in sentences in four different ways. Choose the option corresponding to the sentence in which the usage of the word is incorrect or inappropriate.
Close
(a) We closed on with the invaders shortly before sundown.
(b) Our candidate successfully closed the distance to the lead race.
(c) There is no flower close to a rose.
(d) When the newspaper story broke suggesting possible corruption in the government, the politicians all closed ranks.
Directions for questions 51 and 52: Answer the questions on the basis of the information given below.
Four friends – Arjun, Bheem, Nakul and Sahadev – have different heights and different weights. Bheem is not the heaviest and is shorter than Nakul. The only person shorter than Arjun is Sahadev. The tallest among them is the second heaviest. Arjun is neither the lightest nor the heaviest.
51. Who among the four is the lightest?
(a) Bheem (b) Nakul (c) Sahadev (d) Cannot be determined
52. If the four friends are made to stand first in the increasing order of their heights and then in the decreasing order of their weights, then who among them would be at the same position in both the cases?
(a) Bheem (b) Nakul (c) Sahadev (d) Arjun
54. There are two gaps in the sentence given below. From the pairs of words given, choose the one that fills the gaps most appropriately.
Asked if they are worried about Mr. Hazare becoming a cult figure, perhaps even …………… the image and methods of Gandhi, his supporters roared back that their leader was pure, set on a good cause to ……….. India of dreadful corruption.
(a) supplanting; warp
(b) embezzling; clean
(c) emulating; ennoble
(d) usurping; purge
55. Given below are five sentences. Each sentence has a pair of words that are italicized. From the italicized words, select the most appropriate words (A or B) to form correct sentences. The sentences are followed by options that indicate the words, which may be selected to correctly complete the set of sentences. From the options given, choose the most appropriate one.
Despite his misgivings, the mayor did deign (A) / doyen (B) to speak to the crowd at the tavern.
Not paying his traffic fines served to disbar (A) /debar (B) the lawyer so he could no longer practice law.
Salary will be commensurate (A)/ commiserate (B) with experience.
The captains on the old whaling fleets used a sextant (A) / sexton (B) to set the courses for their ships.
A consequence of living on the streets was the depravation (A) / deprivation (B) of character of the youth.
(a) AAAAA (b) ABABA (c) BABAB (d) BBBBA
56. Given below are five sentences. Each sentence has a pair of words that are italicized. From the italicized words, select the most appropriate words (A or B) to form correct sentences. The sentences are followed by options that indicate the words, which may be selected to correctly complete the set of sentences. From the options given, choose the most appropriate one.
She found an antique tea caddie (A) / caddy (B) which was used to keep tea in.
In the past, some teachers would cane (A) / cain (B) students who misbehaved.
Some of the witnesses had to run the gauntlet (A)/ gauntest (B) of television cameras and reporters.
We admired the painting of the serif (A) / seraph (B) on the ceiling of the chapel.
On the transcontinental train, the saloon (A)/ salon (B) car was the best place for us sit so we could see the scenery.
(a) BBABA (b) ABBAB (c) BAABA (d) AABAA
57. A paragraph is given below from which the last sentence has been deleted. From the given options, choose the one that completes the paragraph in the most appropriate way.
In recent years, researchers have begun talking about mental health care in the same way addiction specialists speak of recovery — the lifelong journey of self-treatment and discipline that guides substance abuse programs. The idea remains controversial: managing a severe mental illness is more complicated than simply avoiding certain behaviors.
(a) Yet people like Joe Holt are traveling it and succeeding.
(b) The journey has more mazes, fewer road signs.
(c) Now more people are risking exposure to tell their stories publicly.
(d) And traditional medicine has not worked very well for most.
The spiritual interlocutor interacts without preconceived notions. The good discussant receives without barriers and responds in a heightened state of understanding. The shedding of constructs becomes at once a spiritual and humanist pursuit. Most of us, by force of sub- conscious habit, introduce our experiential and intellectual baggage into our interactions with people. This not only distorts our understanding of the material reality, but inhibits our spiritual growth as well. We stew in our 'here and now' boxes, unable to elevate ourselves as a bird would.
Yet, the validity of experience should not be discounted. Experience should be assessed with a certain heightened objectivity for one to draw the right lessons for one's actions. So detachment should be seen as a means to arrive at that state of balanced understanding. It does not preclude pain and compassion; but it discards obfuscation and hypocrisy.
Creativity is said to spring from the angst of experience. Often the outpourings of a tortured mind make for great literature and painting. Ironically, existential pain can bring about work of transcendental quality. The beauty and simplicity of Kahlil Gibran's The Prophet is testimony to the literary virtues of spiritualism. The spiritual world is a rich, fulsome, loving nothingness that opens up the heavens, not a musty blankness.
Compassion could liberate us from the boundaries of the mind. The house- holder looks after the family out of a sense of duty and affection, which in due course becomes second nature. The mental and emotional universe of such an individual is able to accommodate reality in virtually all its dimensions. Psychologist Eric Fromm points out that love must be all-encompassing by nature for an individual to be spiritually liberated. To love some people and resent others is not real love.
31. Which of the following will be a suitable title for the passage?
(a) Spiritual Equality
(b) Limitations of the Intellectual
(c) Creativity and Spirituality
(d) Being Spiritual
32. "It does not preclude pain and compassion; but it discards obfuscation and hypocrisy." When paraphrased, how will the given sentence read?
(a) Experience does not prevent pain and compassion but rejects disguise and insincerity.
(b) Detachment does not prevent pain and compassion but rejects disguise and insincerity.
(c) Detachment does not prevent pain and compassion but rejects complication and pretense.
(d) Experience does not prevent pain and compassion but rejects complication and pretense.
Directions for questions 33 to 35: The passage given below is followed by a set of three questions. Choose the most appropriate answer to each question.
A sensible and fair approach would be to let the high-end tax cuts expire as scheduled, but keep the other tax cuts for another year. That would keep more cash in the hands of people most likely to spend it and prop up consumer demand while the economy is weak. It would give Congress and the administration time to undertake tax reform.
Most Congressional Republicans are willing to embrace reform, but only if it is "revenue neutral." There is no question that the system is overly complicated; it is also riddled with hugely costly special deals for special interests. Any reform must streamline the code, make it fairer and — most important — raise more revenue.
Each year, the government provides $1 trillion in tax breaks. Some of the largest breaks — for itemized deductions and retirement savings — should be retained because they subsidize important goals, like home ownership and old-age security. Right now, wealthier taxpayers get the greatest benefit. The process needs to be reformed so that most of the help flows to those who most need it: low- and middle-income taxpayers.
At the same time, super-low tax rates for investment income should be ended. Capital gains are taxed at a top rate of 15 percent, compared with a top rate for wages and salary of 35 percent. Proponents argue that the lower rate is an incentive to invest, but research shows that it also encourages gaming of the system. Tax breaks that have outlived their purpose must be ended, starting with subsidies for the oil industry, which is making billions in profits.
The revenue from such reforms could be used to pay down the deficit and allow all tax rates to be lowered, improving incentives to work. The amount of revenue raised and the drop in tax rates will depend on how much tax breaks are curbed.
Congress should consider raising revenues in other ways, like a value-added tax, or carbon taxes. That way all of the needed revenue for deficit reduction, and for what government provides, does not need to be squeezed from the income tax. A value-added tax is conducive to saving, and a carbon tax helps protect the environment.
The public is open to new taxes, and the economic facts are clear. Until tax increases are considered in equal measure to spending cuts, there will be no budget fix.
33. What is the tone of the passage?
(a) Placatory
(b) Advisory
(c) Premonitory
(d) Critical
34. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
(a) The current tax structure does not give the greatest benefit to low- and middle-income taxpayers.
(b) The current tax structure aims to give the greatest benefit to low- and middle-income taxpayers.
(c) Tax breaks give the greatest benefit to wealthier taxpayers.
(d) The current tax structure does not give the greatest benefit to wealthier taxpayers.
35. Which of the following can be inferred from the last sentence of the passage?
(a) Tax increase will give Congress and the administration time to undertake tax reforms.
(b) The economy can be strengthened if more importance is given to tax increases.
(c) The economy can be strengthened if less importance is given to spending cuts.
(d) The economy can be strengthened with equal importance given to tax increases and spending cuts.
36. The question given below is followed by two statements, A and B. Mark the answer using the following instructions:
Mark (a) if the question can be answered by using one of the statements alone, but cannot be answered by using the other statement alone.
Mark (b) if the question can be answered by using either statement alone.
Mark (c) if the question can be answered by using both the statements together, but cannot be answered by using either statement alone.
Mark (d) if the question cannot be answered even by using both the statements together.
Q. A program is telecasted on a channel in five different languages – Hindi, English, Tamil, Malayalam and Telugu – in five consecutive time slots, not necessarily in the same order. What is the language in the third slot?
A. Hindi is either in the second or in the fourth slot. Tamil is not in the first slot.
B. English and Malayalam are in two consecutive slots. Telugu is neither in the first nor in the last slot.
37. Five sentences are given below, labeled A, B, C, D and E. They need to be arranged in a logical order to form a coherent paragraph/passage. From the given options, choose the most appropriate one.
A. But instead the administration went into fright mode, ordering federal employees not to look at the cables at work or at home.
B. Thus the attempts to block or close down the website, even going so far as to call for the assassination of WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange.
C. These are symptoms of a weak, failing culture, unable to deal with its own history.
D. The administration doesn't want government workers and troops and ordinary citizens to see how their political sausage is made.
E. Censorship is always a bad move.
(a) ABECD (b) AEDBC (c) ADBCE (d) ACDBE
38. Five sentences are given below, labeled A, B, C, D and E. They need to be arranged in a logical order to form a coherent paragraph/passage. From the given options, choose the most appropriateone.
A. We surely need a much smarter long-term fiscal plan.
B. We need to cut spending in areas and on a time schedule that will hurt the least.
C. We need to raise taxes in ways that will hurt the least.
D. We need to use some of these revenues to invest in the pillars of our growth.
E. We need to offer every possible incentive to get our countrymen to start new businesses to grow out of this hole.
(a) ABCDE (b) ACEDB (c) ACEBD (d) ADCBE
39. Five sentences are given below, labeled A, B, C, D and E. They need to be arranged in a logical order to form a coherent paragraph/passage. From the given options, choose the most appropriate one.
A. Ostensibly a member of the Congolese Army, he is in fact a freelance killer with his own ethnic Tutsi militia.
B. All this might be a price worth paying if the law were having its intended effect.
C. Meanwhile, the law is benefiting some of the very people it was meant to single out.
D. The chief beneficiary is Gen. Bosco Ntaganda, who is nicknamed The Terminator.
E. They provide "security" to traders smuggling minerals across the border to neighboring Rwanda.
(a) ACDEB (b) DAEBC (c) CDAEB (d) BEACD
Directions for questions 40 to 42: Answer the questions on the basis of the information given below.
A bus left Terminal A for Terminal B and passed through seven bus stops on its way – P, Q, R, S, T, U and V – not necessarily in the same order. The distance between any two consecutive bus stops was the same. The bus always moved with a constant speed, which was either v m/s or 2v m/s, between two consecutive bus stops. It was also noticed during the journey that:
(i) The time taken by the bus to reach S from P was the same as the time taken to reach Q from T.
(ii) There was exactly one bus stop between S and V.
(iii) The distance between P and Q was the same as that between Q and T.
(iv) U was not the first bus stop and R came after U.
40. Which among the seven was the first bus stop?
(a) T (b) P (c) V (d) Cannot be determined
41. Which among the seven was the last bus stop?
(a) S (b) R (c) V (d) Cannot be determined
42. If the average speed of the bus between P and S was different from the average speed of the bus between T and Q, then which bus stop was immediately before R?
(a) P (b) S (c) V (d) Q
43. A paragraph is given below from which the last sentence has been deleted. From the given options, choose the one that completes the paragraph in the most appropriate way.
A key tipping point for this decades-long class warfare of the rich vs. the working class can be found in President Reagan's decision to break the air traffic controllers' union when it initiated a strike in 1981. Reagan's manoeuvre was an audacious gamble to head backwards in terms of economic and social justice, and it paid off. The weak, disorganized Left at the time was unable to mount a concerted, effective campaign against Reagan's union-busting move, and the public didn't seem to care.
(a) The lesson was learned: going backwards works.
(b) Compare those 'sounds of silence' in America then with now how citizens in other countries are reacting to the draconian "austerity" policies in Europe.
(c) These class-war realizations have led to millions of protesters in the streets.
(d) But in America, those in the shrinking middle class remain in a kind of social narcolepsy.
44. A paragraph is given below from which the last sentence has been deleted. From the given options, choose the one that completes the paragraph in the most appropriate way.
We mistakenly treated the end of the cold war as a victory that allowed us to put our feet up — when it was actually the onset of one of the greatest challenges we've ever faced. We helped to unleash two billion people just like us — in China, India and Eastern Europe. For us to effectively compete and collaborate with them — to maintain the American dream — required studying harder, investing wiser, innovating faster, upgrading our infrastructure quicker and working smarter.
(a) Our European friends went on a similar binge.
(b) But the real problem is that the global economy is badly over leveraged.
(c) Instead of doing that, we injected ourselves with massive amounts of credit.
(d) This enabled millions of people to buy homes they could not afford.
45. Seven persons – Aadi, Bukka, Chitta, Devan, Emaan, Farrar and Ganesh – are standing in a queue, not necessarily in the same order. Chitta is either the first or the last person in the queue. Ganesh is immediately in front of neither Aadi nor Farrar. Bukka is immediately in front of Ganesh. Aadi is immediately in front of neither Bukka nor Farrar. Chitta is immediately behind Farrar. Bukka is not the first person in the queue. Who is the third person from the front in the queue?
(a) Devan (b) Bukka (c) Aadi (d) Ganesh
Directions for questions 46 to 48: The passage given below is followed by a set of three questions. Choose the most appropriate answer to each question.
Having researched the historiography of Berlin, I tried to ascertain where the gaps in knowledge were – as historians; we need those gaps to work in. It struck me that a people's history of Berlin during the war was rather lacking. Added to that realization was the feeling that there is an awful lot of first-hand material from that time that is available: published and unpublished memoirs, diaries and so on. So I became convincedN that it was a rewarding avenue to pursue. It ties in also with the trend over the last couple of decades towards a 'democratization' of history; the shift from a top-down view – that of politicians and commanders – to a more popular one reflecting the experience of the man and woman in the street. Above all, I think, I wanted to challenge the lazy convention by which we see ordinary Germans at that time as a homogenized mass of Nazis, like robots, all marching in goosestep. Despite its popularity, that was never a terribly realistic assumption for any historian to make. I wanted to bring out the multiplicity of opinions and voices that were available in wartime Berlin.
The book has a great deal of original research behind it and much of the material you employ is largely unknown, at least to English language readers. It may seem remarkable to many people that there is anything left to say about Nazi Germany, but plainly there is. How did I go about finding that material? There are always new avenues opening up. There were a couple of places where I started my research for the book. One was the German Diary Archive in Emmendingen in southwestern Germany. In addition, there is a wonderful organization in Berlin that puts eyewitnesses in touch with historians, documentary filmmakers and the like. I approached them and they came back with a list of names and phone numbers. I ended up with about 40 Berliners of the wartime generation whom I then interviewed. I ended up with far more first-hand material than I could sensibly use.
I was looking first of all for patterns. The difficult thing with oral history is looking at what people remember and judging the accuracy of their recollections, the validity of it all. Historians must have their antennae tuned towards those issues. But it is the patterns, the symmetry of experience and subsequent corroboration that is important, as well as anything that stands out from those patterns. Exceptions had to be plausible; a few of my interviewees were plainly suffering from the ravages of age. But it was a fascinating experience to sit down with these people in elegant rooms in Berlin suburbs over coffee and cake and listen to their often hair-raising stories.
46. What does the author mean by 'democratization' of history?
(a) Rewriting history on the basis of established facts and verifiable data.
(b) Including the opinions of the common man.
(c) Changing the focus from the opinion and experience of politicians to that of common people.
(d) Considering multiplicity of opinions and voices available.
47. Which of the following has not been mentioned by the author as a factor he took into account to write the book?
(a) The availability of first hand material related to the book.
(b) The opportunity to challenge the common understanding about the Germans.
(c) The trend towards democratization of history.
(d) None of the above
48. Which of the following statements best describes the way in which the passage proceeds?
(a) The author challenges a position popular with historians and justifies his assertions.
(b) The author provides a historical backdrop to Nazi Germany and explains the forces that had been at work at that time.
(c) The author discusses the motivations behind his book, the research that has gone into it, and elaborates on its procedures and challenges.
(d) The author comments on the originality of his research and explains its relevance to his book.
49. The word given below has been used in sentences in four different ways. Choose the option corresponding to the sentence in which the usage of the word is incorrect or inappropriate.
Pull
(a) By cheating his master and slow poisoning him, the servant thought that he has been able to pull the fast one.
(b) She saw the ambulance coming up behind her and pulled over.
(c) They waved as the bus pulled away.
(d) The clever leader pulled strings to mitigate the chances of a deserved defeat.
50. The word given below has been used in sentences in four different ways. Choose the option corresponding to the sentence in which the usage of the word is incorrect or inappropriate.
Close
(a) We closed on with the invaders shortly before sundown.
(b) Our candidate successfully closed the distance to the lead race.
(c) There is no flower close to a rose.
(d) When the newspaper story broke suggesting possible corruption in the government, the politicians all closed ranks.
Directions for questions 51 and 52: Answer the questions on the basis of the information given below.
Four friends – Arjun, Bheem, Nakul and Sahadev – have different heights and different weights. Bheem is not the heaviest and is shorter than Nakul. The only person shorter than Arjun is Sahadev. The tallest among them is the second heaviest. Arjun is neither the lightest nor the heaviest.
51. Who among the four is the lightest?
(a) Bheem (b) Nakul (c) Sahadev (d) Cannot be determined
52. If the four friends are made to stand first in the increasing order of their heights and then in the decreasing order of their weights, then who among them would be at the same position in both the cases?
(a) Bheem (b) Nakul (c) Sahadev (d) Arjun
54. There are two gaps in the sentence given below. From the pairs of words given, choose the one that fills the gaps most appropriately.
Asked if they are worried about Mr. Hazare becoming a cult figure, perhaps even …………… the image and methods of Gandhi, his supporters roared back that their leader was pure, set on a good cause to ……….. India of dreadful corruption.
(a) supplanting; warp
(b) embezzling; clean
(c) emulating; ennoble
(d) usurping; purge
55. Given below are five sentences. Each sentence has a pair of words that are italicized. From the italicized words, select the most appropriate words (A or B) to form correct sentences. The sentences are followed by options that indicate the words, which may be selected to correctly complete the set of sentences. From the options given, choose the most appropriate one.
Despite his misgivings, the mayor did deign (A) / doyen (B) to speak to the crowd at the tavern.
Not paying his traffic fines served to disbar (A) /debar (B) the lawyer so he could no longer practice law.
Salary will be commensurate (A)/ commiserate (B) with experience.
The captains on the old whaling fleets used a sextant (A) / sexton (B) to set the courses for their ships.
A consequence of living on the streets was the depravation (A) / deprivation (B) of character of the youth.
(a) AAAAA (b) ABABA (c) BABAB (d) BBBBA
56. Given below are five sentences. Each sentence has a pair of words that are italicized. From the italicized words, select the most appropriate words (A or B) to form correct sentences. The sentences are followed by options that indicate the words, which may be selected to correctly complete the set of sentences. From the options given, choose the most appropriate one.
She found an antique tea caddie (A) / caddy (B) which was used to keep tea in.
In the past, some teachers would cane (A) / cain (B) students who misbehaved.
Some of the witnesses had to run the gauntlet (A)/ gauntest (B) of television cameras and reporters.
We admired the painting of the serif (A) / seraph (B) on the ceiling of the chapel.
On the transcontinental train, the saloon (A)/ salon (B) car was the best place for us sit so we could see the scenery.
(a) BBABA (b) ABBAB (c) BAABA (d) AABAA
57. A paragraph is given below from which the last sentence has been deleted. From the given options, choose the one that completes the paragraph in the most appropriate way.
In recent years, researchers have begun talking about mental health care in the same way addiction specialists speak of recovery — the lifelong journey of self-treatment and discipline that guides substance abuse programs. The idea remains controversial: managing a severe mental illness is more complicated than simply avoiding certain behaviors.
(a) Yet people like Joe Holt are traveling it and succeeding.
(b) The journey has more mazes, fewer road signs.
(c) Now more people are risking exposure to tell their stories publicly.
(d) And traditional medicine has not worked very well for most.
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