1. b Option (a) is too specific to capture the implication of the
comment. Moreover, it does not talk about economists at whom
the comment is aimed. Option (c) is excessive as we cannot
infer from the comment that a well plumed bird wins in the
end. All we can infer is that the behaviour of a typical economist
is like a well-plumed bird. Option (d) is incorrect as the passage
does not talk about 'putting down other economists.' Yes, it
does talk about the uncaring attitude. Hence Option (b) is apt
as it talks about the behaviour of economists which is similar
to well-plumed birds—— aiming to promote their own work.
2. c The lines in the first para "Mr Leamer, an economist at the
University of California in Los Angeles, was frustrated by
empirical economists' emphasis on measures of correlation
over underlying questions of cause and effect, such as
whether people who spend more years in school go on to
earn more in later life" reveal that the input variable is the 'time
spent in school' and the output is 'earnings'.
Also refer to the lines in the third para "some relevant variables
may simply not be observable. For example, the time someone
stays in school is probably influenced by his innate scholastic
ability, but this is very hard to measure. Leaving such variables
out can easily lead econometricians astray." So one can infer
that the left out variable is 'scholastic ability'.
3. c Option (a) is incorrect as the passage does not examine the
role of instrumental variables in "causal literature". Indeed, the
passage mentions instrumental variables with context to
"causal literature" but then the passage moves on to discuss
the influence of instrumental variables on economics. Option
(b) leaves out 'instrumental variables' which is the main topic
of discussion in the passage. Option (d) leaves out
'economics' which makes the choice too general and without
a context. Option (c) is correct as the author in the 2nd
paragraph, in the lines "The techniques…education", begins
to discuss the influence of instrumental variables on economics;
the author further highlights this influence with the help of
examples like 'Freakonomics'.
4. d Option (a) is incorrect. Refer to the lines "The techniques at
the heart of this literature–in particular, the use of so-called
"instrumental variables"-have yielded insights into everything
from the link between abortion and crime to the economic
return from education. But these methods are themselves
now coming under attack." This makes it clear that the
techniques have not received a unanimous acceptance. Option
(b) is incorrect as instrumental variables affect the output
through their influence only on the input variable. Refer to
para 4. Option (c) cannot be inferred as the instrumental
variable created by Joshua and Alan ' teases out' schooling's
true effect on wages. This means that the instrumental variable
carefully separates out 'schooling's true effect on wages'
from a host of related factors or variables. This does not
mean that years of schooling have no effect on the wages
earned after schooling.
5. a In the question, filling the second blank holds a very important
key. It says that in the process of throwing off the shackles
we are now exposed to the dangers of incipient theories and
solutions. On the basis of this, we can eliminate options (b)
and (c). Now out of the remaining two options, we can
eliminate option (d) on the basis of the first word-'impervious'
(not allowing entrance or passage), which does not fit in the
first blank.
6. d There should be a 'that' or a 'which' after 'companies' to
represent the idea of a restrictive clause as the use of
sophisticated machinery and production of high quality
products is specific to some companies. Option (a) is incorrect
because it places a comma before 'which' and after 'products';
in this case it seems as the production of high quality products
and use of sophisticated machinery are being indicated as
additional information about companies that 'understand the
needs'. In case of the given sentence it is semantically
incorrect. Option (b) contains a subject-verb agreement error.
The subject 'companies' is plural so the verb should be
'understand'. Option (c) uses the -ing form of the verb 'use'
and does not use the same for 'produce'. This leads to an
error of parallelism.
7. a In the first sentence, 'faze' means to disturb whereas 'phase'
refers to a stage in a process of development or an aspect.
'Phased' does not fit with the given sentence. The given
sentence refers to the subject's refusal to be affected by
insulting remarks. In the second sentence, 'canon' refers to
laws, principles whereas 'cannon' is a part of artillery. The
word 'equitable' means fair, impartial or just and 'equable'
means steady. The third sentence refers to the equal and fair
treatment given to all citizens by the law. The word 'reign'
means to rule whereas 'rein' means to check or stop, control.
The given sentence refers to lawlessness dominating the
city. 'Inflammable' is used for something that can be easily set
on fire whereas 'inflammatory' refers to something that
provokes anger or hostility. A communal discord can occur
due to inflammatory remarks.
8. b Taking up option (a), we can see that the purpose of scientific
data generated could not be to portend (to give an omen or
anticipatory sign of). So option (a) cannot be the answer for
the question. Option (b) is the correct answer. The forestalling
(Forestall means to prevent or hinder by doing something
ahead of time) of an inchoate rift makes proper sense. Because
the data will not allow the rift to develop further. The rift is in a
nascent stage and the data from the satellites will stop the
development of the rift. Option (c) is not the correct choice, as
disturbances do not fit the second blank. Option (d) is not the
correct answer. Schism means a separation or division into
factions. One can resolve factionalism but not faction. This
expression is incorrect.
9. c In Option (a), "... the better it solves them," creates a doubt:
what does the pronoun 'them' denote here? It is incorrect as
it fails to pair with the last line of the paragraph; rather it
follows option (c). Option (b) can be easily annulled, as it is
convoluted and ambiguous due to the phrase, "the seed of its
own negation". Here, we do not know whether the awareness
of the environment is subject to negation of the mind or the
organism itself is subject to negation. Option (c) is correct as
it aptly forms a pair with the last line of the paragraph and
extends the discussion on the other factor: environment – the
non-ego, which can be interpreted as a riddle; the brainteaser
to be understood and solved. Option (d) talks about the
resolution of the oppositeness between ego and environment
although, there is no conflict between the ego and the
environment apparent in the paragraph. One can see that
option (d) may follow option (a) and does not follow the last
line of the paragraph.
10. a Option (b) can be inferred from the line in Para 1 "Instead, that
country is viewed either with ignorant disapproval' or with
uncritical admiration". Option (c) can be inferred from the line
in Para 2 "if only animals became aware of their strength, we
should have no power over them, and that men exploit animals
in much the same way as the rich exploit the proletariat." This
can be extended to the rich and proletariat. Option (d) can be
inferred from the fact that Orwell has represented the
capitalists with Mr. Jones whose nature is self- indulgent and
uncaring. But option (a) cannot be inferred as the statement is
generalized. In the passage the statement is specific to
England.
11. d An 'objective' tone is seen when the author quotes what
Orwell has written. Narration is predominant throughout the
passage as the author relates what Orwell has written. For
example, "Orwell begins his book by criticizing the
capitalists…etc." The author also describes certain entities,
for example "Boxer, the overworked, incredibly strong, dumb
horse represents the common worker in Russia." But the
author is not critical of anything. He is merely stating Orwell's
opinion. The author does not take any particular side in the
passage. He objectively quotes, narrates or describes what
Orwell has written.
12. b 'C' occurs first in sequence as seen in the first paragraph
where the humans are seen to be the exploiters. 'B' occurs
next as seen in Para 1 where "Old Major" tells the other
animals about his dream of "animalism" and the other animals
actually implement it. D occurs next as seen in the first line of
Para 2 where Napolean drives out Snowball. 'A' occurs last
as the class that revolted (the pigs) acquires a resemblance
to humans.
13. b Secular means of or relating to the worldly or temporal.
Mundane also means of, relating to, or typical of this world;
secular. Preposterous means contrary to nature, reason, or
common sense; absurd. Prudent means marked by wisdom
or judiciousness. Fugacious and transient mean lasting for a
short time. Recalcitrant means obstinately defiant of authority
or restraint. Authoritative means having or proceeding from
authority. Patent means open to public inspection.
14. c The question states that if the people are dissuaded from
using petrol then they will use less petrol and this will earn
less money for fertilizer subsidy. So if the objective of the first
is achieved then the objective of second will be jeopardized
(due to lack of funds). Option (a) cannot be the answer. If the
books are returned on time(which is the objective of sending
reminders), then there will be no need to send the reminders.
So, success of first does not jeopardize the success of the
second. Option (b) cannot be the answer as the achievement
of the objective of the first will definitely lead to achievement
of the objective of the second. Option (c) is the correct
answer. If people are dissuaded from using the metro service,
then the funds for the expansion of metro services will be
jeopardized. Hence, achievement of the objective of the first
will lead to difficulty in achieving the objectives of the second.
Option (d) cannot be the answer. The reasoning is similar to
that of option (a). If there is no litter, then there will be no need
to pay overtime to the workers.
15. c Options (a) and (b) discuss the role of designs in everyday
life while the author has moved on to explain the obsession of
the rich with the excesses of neo-classical designs. Hence,
these options do not seem to be an appropriate ending for the
paragraph. Option (c) is the best choice because the keywords
'excesses of neo-classical architecture' and 'less is more'
refer to the idea of grandeur associated with acceptable
designs among the rich. This statement also reveals the motive
behind choosing excessive designs and hence is an apt
choice. Option (d) reiterates the bizarreness of popular
designs whereas the last sentence of the paragraph refers
specifically to the obsession of the rich with 'neo-classical
designs'.
16. c Option (a) is incorrect because 'things' is plural and countable
and it should be preceded by 'many' and not 'much'. Also, the
last part of the sentence uses future continuous tense
whereas the sentence is in present tense. Option (b) contains
two errors. First, 'things' is plural, so 'are' should be used.
Second, in the last part of the sentence 'must be finding' is
incorrect. Option (c) is the best choice because it does not
contain any error.
In option (d) the adverb 'generally' has been incorrectly placed
without a comma before the noun 'research'
.
17. d The question statement clearly mentions the word melancholy
(depression of spirits). From this we can infer that the previous
blank should be filled with an antonym of the word. So, blitheful,
blissful and cheerful can be used. 'Fleetingness' would fit the
second blank as the 'profound melancholy' can arise out of a
transitory or fleeting nature of natural beauty and human glory.
18. a Option (a) is the correct answer. It can be seen that the
professor is generalizing about all graduate students but he
has data only of his students. This is a major flaw in the
argument. Option (b) makes an assumption that the argument
pertains to English language, which is incorrect. Option (c) is
beyond the scope of the argument. Option (d) is incorrect as
the argument does not pass any judgement on the capability
of the teacher.
19. b Formation means an arrangement of a body or group of people
or things in some prescribed manner or for a particular purpose.
Soldiers are arranged in a formation. Club means an association
of people for some common object usually jointly supported
and meeting periodically. A matrix consists of rows and
columns but it is not a formation of columns; a matrix may be
a formation of numbers or alphabets. Array means a number
of mathematical elements arranged in rows and columns. A
forest is a dense growth of trees, but not a formation of trees
.
20. a Here, option (a) is the appropriate idiomatic expression. In
option (c), "raking over the coals" which means to talk about
unpleasant things from the past that other people would prefer
not to talk about, is out of context. In option (b), "to take a
running jump" which is an impolite way of telling someone to
go away or that you will not give them something they want,
is again unneeded and hence negated. In option (a), " carrying
coals to Newcastle" which means to take something to a
place or a person that has a lot of that thing already, does the
needful for the given sentence. In option (d), if you have "a
running battle" with someone, you have an argument that
continues over a long period of time. In the present context,
no extended argument or conflict has been hinted at.
Page 4 Unproctored - Mock CAT 1
21. d The passage clearly hints at a conflict or misunderstanding
between the parents and the child. Refer to the last line,
which states, "I was learning…breaking". Option (a) makes
an abrupt shift from this as it says '…our parents can easily
identify'. Options (b) and (c) are ruled out as these options
fail to match with the tone of the last two lines of the paragraph,
in which the speaker talks about his/her past experiences as
a child. Refer to the lines, "... I was learning that parents
weren't always right...we all go through at least a little
rebellion." Option (d) is better equipped than any other option
given. It reveals the speaker's past experiences as a child
controlling and steering its emotions, thoughts and energy.
22. d In the first line of the last paragraph, the author mentions that
" if turning away from the outer world is accepted as the
decisive case of the most conspicuous characteristics of our
dreams"; this in no manner implies that turning away from the
outer world leads to dreams. Option (c) cannot be inferred
from the passage. Dissonance experienced with others can
be one of the sources of the reckless extravagances of our
judgements, hopes and wishes in dreams and not a cause of
dreams. Even though, the passage states that lack of sensory
stimuli leads to sleep we do not know what happens when a
sleeping mind is excited by sensory stimuli, thus even option
(b) cannot be inferred.
23. b Statement A is given in the passage. Refer to the lines, " He
states the first distinguishing mark of dreams…perceptions"
in the first paragraph. Statement B is also shown to be linked
to mistaking hallucinations for objective perceptions in dreams.
Refer to the following lines in the first paragraph, " These
activities too, …..during sleep". Statement C is mentioned in a
different context and talks about a new idea.
24. c Option (a) is inappropriate as the author just discusses
Haffner's explanation. He does not show how Haffner's
explanation is different from Delboeuf's. The author moves on
to give more clarity and also to moderate the deductions made.
Option (b) is also narrow. It does not talk about 'Burdach' or
the author attempting to give more clarity in the latter part of
the passage. Option (d) is also incomplete as it only talks
about 'moderation' as the aim in moving to Burdach's
observations. Only option (c) represents without an error
how the author develops the passage.
25. d In option (a), "Old heave-hos" is the act of throwing someone
out; dismissal from one's job or from one's position. "An open
sesame" is a very successful way of achieving something. In
option (c), "old flame" is a person that you loved or had a
romantic relationship with in the past. Thus, for the given
sentence options (a), (b) and (c) are unsuitable. The correct
answer choice is (d). "Eat carrots for better eyesight" is an
old wives' tale- an often traditional belief that is not based on
fact.
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