RC 17 SOLUTIONS

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1- C

The meaning of the word ‘conflate’ is to merge/fuse/melt two

things. Here, classical empiricism merges the meanings of

two terms and interprets it as one. So conflate is used in the

sense of ‘to merge’ or ‘to combine’. Options (a), (b) and (d)

give a totally different sense from the intended meaning.

2- B

Statement A is not true. The positivists’ denial of the existence

of the generative domain is not because of the reason in

Statement A but due to their adherence to empiricism. Refer to

the line “In other words, due to the empiricist ontology of

Positivism, a scientific law cannot refer to unobservable

causes.” Statement B is true. Refer to the line “This “constant

conjunction” conception of scientific laws, first developed by

David Hume, derives directly from the empiricism of early

Positivism because it refers to the empirical instantiation of

the law itself.” and also the opening lines of the passage “ I

now want to have a close look at positivism, using the work

of Jorge Rivas. Rivas links positivism back to classical

empiricism”. Statement C also is not true. We cannot conclude

that the events referred to are just ‘experienced’. They are

events which have to be ‘observed’. ‘Experienced’ is not

mentioned as a criterion in the context. Refer to the line “In this

nomological model of explanation, a scientific law is seen to

reflect the actual constant conjunction of empirically

observable events”.

3-  B 

The opening statement “Rivas links positivism back to classical

empiricism.” and the discussion in the passage show how

positivism has been influenced by classical empiricism and

also how branches have emerged within positivism through

divergences from empiricism. Option (a) is not the primary

purpose as the passage does not ‘laud’ Jose or pass any

subjective comments about his ability or clarity as a philosopher.

Option (c) is again only a part of the discussion. Option (d) is

incorrect as classical empiricism is still seen to have its

influence when dealing with social phenomena as also with

scientific explanations. The author is attempting to study

positivism through the work of Jose Rilas who connects

positivism to classical empiricism.

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