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1
Five sentences are given below, labeled A, B, C, D and E. They need to be arranged in a logical
order to form a coherent paragraph/passage. From the given options, choose the most appropriate option.
A. The species, which are most numerous in individuals, will have the best chance of producing
variations within any given period.
B. Hence any rare species will be less quickly modified or improved within any given period, and
they will be consequently beaten in the race for life by the modified descendants of the commoner species.
C. From these considerations I think it inevitably follows, that as new species in the course of time are formed others will become rare and finally extinct.
D. We have evidence of this in the fact that it is the more common species that afford the greatest number of varieties, or incipient species.
E. Extinction or survival, therefore, is a function of a parameter that is totally beyond the control of the species.
(a) ABCDE (b) ADBCE (c) BCAED (d) EDABC
2
There are two gaps in the sentence/paragraph given below. From the pairs of words given, choose the one that fills the gaps most appropriately.
An intelligence community ___________, as the Post shows, by a toxic mixture of secrecy,
compartmentalization, turf rivalry, and tremendous duplication of effort is further ________ by a
problem familiar to every computer addict: too much information.
(a) hobbled, bedevilled
(b) aggravated, emancipated
(c) paralysed, scuttled
(d) beleaguered, persecuted
3
A paragraph is given below from which the last sentence has been deleted. From the given options, choose the one that completes the paragraph in the most appropriate way.
The recent decision of the government of India to impose a moratorium on the release of Bt-Brinjal has been hailed by civil society and scientists alike as a victory for transparency and has demonstrated that the government is responsive to societal demands. This decision is also important since it could set a precedent within environmental regulation with reference to technologies with significant environmental risks.
(a) This establishes a clear case for ensuring legal certainty in environmental regulations especially in the case of technologies with significant risks attached to it.
(b) The process of arriving at this decision had also attracted a fair share of media attention, given its ‘sensational’ nature.
(c) However, the decision also reflects a clear departure from procedure and its legal basis is
tenuous and therefore the risk of it being reversed remains.
(d) The world is waiting, with fingers crossed (or pointed?), as to what this decision would mean for farmers across the world.
4
Four alternative summaries are given below the text. Choose the option that best captures the
essence of the text.
Some parts of America have long taken a tough, frontier attitude to justice. That tendency sharpened around four decades ago as rising crime became an emotive political issue and voters took to backing politicians who promised to stamp on it. This created a ratchet effect: lawmakers who wish to sound tough must propose laws tougher than the ones that the last chap who wanted to sound tough proposed. When the crime rate falls, tough sentences are hailed as the cause, even when demography or other factors may matter more; when the rate rises tough sentences are demanded to solve the problem. As a result, America’s incarceration rate has quadrupled since 1970.
(a) America’s incarceration rate has been a key factor in controlling crime and is therefore supported by both the voters and politicians.
(b) A tough attitude towards rising crime is the only long-term solution to the problem and some
parts of America have implemented it successfully.
(c) In America, increasingly tougher laws are perceived as the only effective factor in lowering the crime rate despite other factors being important.
(d) As the crime rate rose, voters started supporting tougher laws and this has led to the government making ever more stringent regulations in certain parts of America.
5
Five sentences are given below, labeled A, B, C, D and E. They need to be arranged in a logical
order to form a coherent paragraph/passage. From the given options, choose the most appropriate option.
A. The good news is that a major deficiency in rainfall, as had happened last year, is an extremely remote possibility.
B. Two crucial indicators, the El Nino, caused by difference in sea surface temperatures in the
Indian Ocean, and the Indian Ocean Dipole, are both moving in a direction that is positive for a good monsoon.
C. The first long-range forecast for the rainfall during the four-month period of July- September
indicates rain around the end of this month.
D. It is still very early days for a monsoon forecast for this season but at least the available signs as of now are all pointing in the right direction.
E. Even the persistent & sustained heat is the past few days over most of central and Northern India is likely to help in good rainfall.
(a) ADBCE (b) DABCE (c) BCDEA (d) DCBEA
6
Four alternative summaries are given below the text. Choose the option that best captures the
essence of the text.
There is no doubt that anonymity leads people to act out in ways they normally wouldn’t. For many, this means increased anti-social behaviour and, in comments sections, an uncharacteristic tendency to insult and attack. Diane Mapes wrote a good column on this two years ago, in which she noted that faceless communication leads to disinhibition, whether its online, in a car or on the phone with a customer-service representative. “Between out-of-control customers, vituperative online posters and road-raging drivers, it’s hard to find an individual who hasn’t succumbed to the siren song of faceless, consequence-free communication,” she wrote. Psychologists even have a name for the online phenomenon: “online disinhibition effect”.
(a) The roots of the online disinhibition effect lie in the anti-social behaviour of people.
(b) Anonymity encourages people to display their natural instincts of anti-social behaviour.
(c) When communication is anonymous people frequently display anti-social behaviour.
(d) Online disinhibition effect leads to out-of-control customers, vituperative online posters and roadraging drivers.
7
Given below is a sentence, part or all of which, is BRACKETED. Beneath the sentence are four ways of phrasing the BRACKETED part. The first of these repeats the original; the other three are different.
Choose the option that produces the most effective sentence; this answer should be clear and
exact, without awkwardness, ambiguity, redundancy, or grammatical error. The question tests
correctness and effectiveness of expression.
(In leading newspapers and magazines, young girls and women were continually confronted by false images of incredibly thin women, which could create lifelong psychological damage.)
(a) In leading newspapers and magazines, young girls and women were continually confronted by false images of incredibly thin women, which could create lifelong psychological damage.
(b) In leading newspapers and magazines, young girls and women were continually confronted with false images of incredibly thin women, which could create lifelong psychological damage.
(c) In leading newspapers and magazines, which could create lifelong psychological damage, young girls and women were continually confronted with false images of incredibly thin women.
(d) In leading newspapers and magazines, young girls and women were continually confronted with false images of incredibly thin women, who could create lifelong psychological damage.
8
Four sentences are given below, labelled A, B, C and D. They need to be arranged in a logical order to form a coherent paragraph/passage. From the given options, choose the most appropriate option.
A. It is against this background and in this context that we must begin our understanding of political theory.
B. Students of anthropology and of animal behavior are making it increasingly clear that in man,
most of the other primates, and in many other animal species as well, social life and organization are primary biological survival devices.
C. What we call political and social organization— the customs, practices, and procedures that
with varying degrees of firmness hold men together in interrelated groups— is perhaps the most
important form of human adaptation to environment, both external and internal.
D. Man has no leathery armor like a turtle or spines like a porcupine, but he does have social life and the capacity to organize it effectively for survival purposes.
(a) BCAD (b) CBDA (c) BCDA (d) DCBA.
9
There are two gaps in the sentence/paragraph given below. From the pairs of words given, choose the one that fills the gaps most appropriately.
Britain’s international development department – has occasionally been ________in the kind of
economic growth that strangulates the poor while making the richest even richer. However, with all its flaws, it is still more ____________than most of its western peers – especially US aid agencies, which blatantly funnel large portions of “aid” money to American “consultants”.
(a) persuasive, scrupulous
(b) complicit, conscientious
(c) involved, judicious
(d) prudent, fastidious
10
A paragraph is given below from which the last sentence has been deleted. From the given options, choose the one that completes the paragraph in the most appropriate way
Many insulters perform small actions which make them appear pompous or ‘superior’ the most
obvious example is the tilting back of the head, combined with half-closed eyes, which has given rise to the popular expressions ‘look down upon’, ‘turn one’s nose up’ and ‘look down one’s nose’. This is an exaggerated version of one of the basic high-status signals. In ordinary status displays the more dominant carry their heads high, the more submissive hang their heads low.
(a) The high/low difference is usually rather slight- so slight that we are rarely aware of it consciously.
(b) Unconsciously, however, we are highly responsive even to minute difference in ‘uprightness’.
(c) This behaviour is usually a symptom of some hidden insecurity in the insulter.
(d) Displays such as these have also been observed in certain animal species, which have a more developed social structure.
11
A paragraph is given below from which the last sentence has been deleted. From the given options, choose the one that completes the paragraph in the most appropriate way
It is simply absurd to accuse someone in Indian politics of autocracy and undemocratic behaviour because our entire political culture has been undemocratic (leader-centric) and hypocritical. As the veteran politician, the late P V Narasimha Rao candidly wrote in his memoirs, our political culture has always been feudal at the core, where the leader assumed all powers. Intra-party democracy never existed in any party. This country, proclaiming itself a republic, vesting sovereignty in its people, actually practises the worst kind of concentration of power in a supreme leader. Can there be any greater hypocrisy than this? It began right at the dawn of self-rule: Mahatma Gandhi, the supreme leader of the Congress chose Nehru to be the king and simply asked other contenders like Sardar Patel and Maulana Azad to endorse his choice.
(a) Barring a few short preludes, when, for instance, Lal Bahadur Shastri or Narasimha Rao became prime minister (albeit not for democratic reasons), for a large part of its post-independence period, India has been ruled by the Nehru dynasty.
(b) Indian politics is not new to this; for instance in the Mahabharata the entire ‘epic’ unfolds as a result of unstinted power vested in the hands of a leader.
(c) There is practically no accountability of the leaders to anyone except the token concern for their voters at the end of five years, which is also at best a momentary surge and not an underlying principle.
(d) It is again a corollary of the feudal political culture that makes the leader assume all powers to do whatever he or she likes and certainly, Mayawati is not the one who set the precedent.
12
There are two gaps in the sentence/paragraph given below. From the pairs of words given, choose the one that fills the gaps most appropriately.
Occasionally, though, in the course of our daily Internet culling, we stumble on some news that
makes us question our assumptions about the ____________ effects of literature. It saddens us to say it, but sometimes, books bring out the worst in people, and are made into ____________to all kinds of crimes.
(a) mitigating, tools
(b) elevating, handicaps
(c) ameliorative, accessories
(d) transcending, aids
CAT 2020 PREP online
JOIN THE VARC CRASH COURSE FOR CAT 2020!
CONTACT NOW!
Whatsapp 09674548313!
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