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1- B
The entire paragraph talks about how extinction
occurs. Statements A, D and B all discuss how the
commoner species quickly overpower the more rare
ones. Statements E and C are conclusions based on
these statements. Mandatory pairs would be (A-D)
and (B-C).
2- A
The word in the first blank has to be a negative one.
We have clues in phrases like ‘toxic mixture of
secrecy’. Out of the options ‘hobbled’, ‘paralysed’ and
‘beleaguered would all fit the first blank. However, the
second blank is the decisive factor. Option (d) can be
eliminated as ‘persecuted’ means ‘oppressed’ or
‘tormented’. This is inappropriate in the given context
as ‘persecution’ implies an agent that is acting to grieve
or injure somebody. Here we need a word like
‘hampered’, which would mean being held back or
impeded by something. Option (c) comes the closest.
However, the use of the word ‘scuttled’ would be too
extreme in the given context. ‘Scuttled’ means
‘destroyed or wrecked’. An organization paralysed by
secrecy and then destroyed by too much information?
‘Bedevilled’ fits best out of the options. It means ‘cause
great and continual trouble’
3- C
The key to this answer is the word ‘however’ at the
beginning of option (c). This word marks the shift in
the author’s tone from appreciation of the government’s
decision to an observation of possible outcomes of
this decision. Option (a) looks close, but it brings in the
concept of legal certainty in environmental regulations.
The precedent to ‘This’ in the beginning of the sentence
is also not very clear. The passage is applauding a
certain decision. Option (a) seems to be an abrupt
shift as it says that this indicates that we need to
establish legal certainty in regulations. There are no
grounds in the passage on which we can base this
assertion. Option (d) presents a very bleak picture
and is inconsistent with the flow of the paragraph.
Option (b) brings up an altogether different issue –
that of media attention. The word “sensational’ in this
option is too far-fetched.
4 - C
Options (a) and (b) are incorrect as they miss out on
a crucial point. The author has asserted that tougher
laws are perceived to be effective. He/she is silent on
the point whether they actually are. Refer to lines
“When the crime rate falls, tough sentences are hailed
as the cause, even when demography or other factors
may matter more; when the rate rises tough sentences
are demanded to solve the problem”. Option (d) is
incorrect as it only talks about ‘certain parts of America’.
Also the author has stated that tougher laws were
demanded when crime became a ‘more emotive issue’
not when crime rates rose.
5 - B
The paragraph follows the pattern of assertions,
which are then followed by data to support them. D is
clearly the opening statement. A should follow as it
again adds to the idea. Although ‘it is still early to
forecast’ in D followed by ‘The good news is that a
major deficiency is unlikely’ in A. Statements B, C and
E follow in that order as they demonstrate why these
assertions were made.
6- C
All the other options miss out on the central idea. The
text is mostly concerned with certain behaviour being
displayed whenever people get an opportunity to
engage in communication that is anonymous. Options
(a) and (b) are incorrect according to the passage.
Option (d) although supported by the text does not
capture the main idea.
7 - B
Option (a) has an error of preposition. ‘Confronted
with’ is the correct usage. Option (d) is incorrect as
the pronoun ‘who’ has been used incorrectly. In option
(c) the modifying phrase ‘which could create lifelong
psychological damage’ has been incorrectly placed. It
modifies ‘images’ not newspapers and magazines
8 - B
(B-D) is a mandatory pair as it discusses the idea of
social life as a survival device. This pair is only present
in option (b).
9- B
The clue to this question lies in the phrase - ‘However,
with all its flaws’. The first word should highlight
something negative in Britain’s actions. ‘Complicit in
the kind of economic growth that strangulates the
poor’ fits well. In the second sentence, since it starts
with ‘however’ we are looking for something that has
a positive connotation. ‘Conscientious’ therefore is
appropriate. Another option, which can be considered
is (b). ‘Involved’ would fit the first blank but ‘judicious’
is primarily used to imply ‘wise’ or ‘of sound judgement’.
10 - A
In the paragraph the author describes the body
language displayed by people in certain situations. He
begins by describing ‘small actions’ performed by
‘insulters’ and calls it ‘an exaggerated version of high
status displays’. In the last line he describes how
ordinary displays are for the dominant and the
submissive. Since they are ordinary and not
exaggerated, the difference between them is very
subtle this is what option (a) is. Option (b) does the
opposite. Options (c) and (d) seem to shift the focus
of the discussion to other topics.
11- A
This is a direct continuation of the last line of the
paragraph, which speaks of a leader appointing
another to a position of power and sidelining everybody
else. Option (a) completes the picture perfectly by
following up with the information of how this leader’s
(Nehru’s) dynasty continues to hold sway to this day.
Option (b) can also be eliminated as it is too general
and way back in time; the passage is more
contemporary in nature and says that the problem
began at the dawn of self-rule. Option (c) is also too
abrupt. So far, the paragraph has spoken only about
power vested in the hands of one leader. His
unaccountability or lack of concern for voters would
be another issue altogether. Option (d) seems to be in
defence of a certain leader while the paragraph is
about the general political scenario in the country
12 - C
The preposition ‘to’ after the second blank is very
helpful. Options (a) and (b) can be eliminated as ‘tools
to crime’ or ‘handicaps to crime’ would be incorrect.
Out of options (d) and (c), ‘transcending’ would be
inappropriate for the first blank.
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