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The Balkans, said Winston Churchill, “produce more history than they can consume”. They may also produce more history than the EU can digest. The nationalist obsession of a single small member can hamper the workings of the union as a whole: the division of Cyprus (an EU member) and its dispute with Turkey (a NATO member) mean that the two most important international organisations in Europe cannot co-ordinate properly. Thus one watchword in Brussels is “no more Cyprus”.
Another is “no more Romania and Bulgaria”. Most Eurocrats agree that the EU ’s two newest members, struggling with corruption and organised crime, were let in too soon. Entry requirements have since been toughened, raising complaints of double standards. But if mishandled, Balkan accession could yet bring more Cypruses, Romanias and Bulgarias rolled into one.
There is another danger: that “enlargement fatigue” among existing members, at a time of rising xenophobia and populism, will consign the Balkans to eternal instability. Turkey’s accession talks are blocked by members, like France and Cyprus, that do not want it to join. This is one reason why Turkey has slowed down reforms and become more awkward in its foreign policy. Enlargement fatigue has a mirror image: apathy and resentment. By expanding, the EU has a remarkable tool for influencing its neighbours, but only in the right circumstances. A country must want to join, it must be given strict conditions for reforms, it must settle disputes within and on its borders and it must see the promise of membership as genuine. Membership without conditions spells trouble; conditions without membership spell betrayal.
1
According to the passage, which one of the following cannot be used as an argument against a
nation that wants to join the EU?
(a) The country struggling with organized crime and corruption.
(b) The country lacks financial stability.
(c) The country is not carrying out reforms.
(d) The country has leaders with strong nationalist agendas.
2
How can ‘enlargement fatigue’ consign the Balkans to instability?
(a) Reluctance by the EU to accept them into the union will breed discontent and lead to slowing
down of reforms.
(b) Reluctance by the EU to accept them into the union will lead to nationalist sentiments being
revived.
(c) Reluctance by the EU to accept them into the union will lead to political uprising and civil unrest.
(d) Reluctance by the EU to accept them into the union will accelerate organized crime and corruption
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